Films zinc sulfide

Zinc sulfide films were prepared by sulfurization of zinc oxide films with hydrogen sulfide. 

X-ray diffraction analysis was performed on the zinc sulfide films as deposited on the substrates. The diffraction patterns showed that the films consisted of ZnS crystallized as a mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed a submicrometer grain texture with the size of most particles being about 0.3 pm. The measured direct optical gap was found to be 3.65 eV. 

Ethers, esters, amides and imidazolidines containing an epithio group are said to be effective in enhancing the antiwear and extreme pressure peiformance of lubricants. Other uses of thiiranes are as follows fuel gas odorant (2-methylthiirane), improvement of antistatic and wetting properties of fibers and films [poly(ethyleneglycol) ethers of 2-hydroxymethyl thiirane], inhibition of alkene metathesis (2-methylthiirane), stabilizers for poly(thiirane) (halogen adducts of thiiranes), enhancement of respiration of tobacco leaves (thiirane), tobacco additives to reduce nicotine and to reduce phenol levels in smoke [2-(methoxymethyl)thiirane], stabilizers for trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (2-methylthiirane, 2-hydroxymethylthiirane) and stabilizers for organic compounds (0,0-dialkyldithiophosphate esters of 2-mercaptomethylthiirane). The product of the reaction of aniline with thiirane is reported to be useful in the flotation of zinc sulfide. 

An instance of cadmium-zinc sulfide (Cd , Zni i S) cathodic electrodeposition can be found in the work of Morris and Vanderveen [130]. These researchers managed to obtain polycrystalline Cd , Zni i S films from stirred aqueous solutions (pH 2,... 

Kanniainen, T. Lindroos, S. Prohaska, T. Friedbacher, G Leskela, M. Grasserbauer, M. Niinisto, L. 1995. Growth of zinc sulfide thin films with the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method as studied by atomic force microscopy./. Mater. Chem. 5 985-9. 

Nicolau, Y. F. Menard, J. C. 1990. Procedure for solution growth of zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, and zinc cadmium sulfide (Zn xCdxS) thin films by successive ionic-layer adsorptions and reactions. J. Appl. Electrochem. 20 1063-1066. 

Lindroos, S. Kanniainen, T. Leskela, M. 1996. Zinc sulfide thin films grown by SILAR on poly(vinyl chloride) and polycarbonate substrates. /. Mater. Chem. 6 1497-1500. 

Lindroos, S. Charreire, Y. Bonnin, D. Leskela, M. 1998. Growth and characterization of zinc sulfide thin films deposited by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method using complexed zinc ions as the cation precursor. Mater. Res. Bull. 33 453—459. 

To date, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, lead sulfide, cadmium selenide, and lead selenide semiconductor particulate films have been grown, in situ, under... 

Fluorescent and afterglow products are used to attain special effects in cinema films, on the stage, and in works of art. These effect pigments are physiologically harmless phosphors, mainly based on zinc sulfides. 

Zinc selenide (yellow) and telluride (brown) have similar stractures to those of the sulfide, both existing in both wurtzite and zinc blende modifications. The selenide is used with zinc sulfide as a phosphor. It has the interesting property that it can act as a bine-green solid state laser bine-green laser action in solids is rare (most solid-state lasers function towards the red end, 635 nm or more, of the spectrum). At room temperature, laser action with the selenide at a wavelength of 525 nm (green) is observed and at -196°C at 495 nm (bine). Unfortunately the laser is relatively short-lived. Zinc telluride is a wide band gap semicondnctor whose electron transport properties in the form of thin films of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric forms have been mnch studied. Its applications in optoelectronics, for example, as an optical recording material, have been reviewed. ... 

Because the ion-assisted processes enable deposition at temperatures less than 100°C, deposition of diamond like coatings has been attempted on a wide range of substrates, e.g., stainless steel, Copper, ceramics,optical materials (plastics, polymers and polycarbonates),glasses,quartz, sapphire,infrared-transmitting optical materials such as germanium, zinc sulfide and zinc selenide, and a variety of electronic grade materials. Although thin films can be produced... 

Zinc and cadmium dialkyldithiophosphinates, M(S2PR2)2 (M = Zn, Cd R = Bu1),67 and their phenanthroline and bipyridyl adducts,68 which are of interest as precursors for chemical vapor deposition (CYD) of metal sulfide films, have been prepared and structurally characterized. 

Historically fluorescent screens and photographic film have long been the primary means of detecting x-rays. Fluorescent screens are made of a thin layer of zinc sulfide, containing a trace of nickel. Irradiated with an x-ray beam, this compound fluoresces and emits faint yellow light. A photographic film leaves a permanent record of exposure to x-rays and, when used in conjunction with a microdensitometer, it can provide a nearly quantitative measure of the relative intensities of different diffraction spots recorded on a single sheet of film. 

Zinc sulfide exists in two forms, as cubic zinc blende and as hexagonal wurtzite. Of the two modifications, the latter is stable at higher temperatures. The ZnS films obtained by simultaneous vapour condensation of sulphur and zinc onto unheated substrates are crystalline even from 5 nm mass thickness. However, the diffraction pattern shows that these small, isolated, three-dimensional ZnS microcrystals contain a large number of stacking faults in all three spatial coordinates. In thicker films (from about 20 nm), the diffraction pattern shows better-ordered crystallites of the zinc blende type. ZnS films deposited at normal incidence have a clearly distinct <111> growth texture becoming noticeable from about 100 nm, as can be seen in Fig. 2 [17b],... 

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