Zinc/bromine secondary batteries

Table 14.2 Characteristicscf zinc bromine secondary battery...

Ponce de Leon C, Walsh FC (2009) Secondary batteries—zinc systems zinc-bromine. In Dyer C, Garche J, Moseley P et al (eds) Encyclopedia of electrochemical power Sources. Elsevier, Amsterdam, NL, pp 487 96... 

To transport people and material growing transportation systems are needed. More and more of the energy for these systems is drawn from secondary batteries. The reason for this trend is economic, but there is also an environmental need for a future chance for electric traction. The actual development of electrochemical storage systems with components like sodium-sulfur, sodium-nickel chloride, nickel-metal hydride, zinc-bromine, zinc-air, and others, mainly intended for electric road vehicles, make the classical lead-acid traction batteries look old-fashioned and outdated. Lead-acid, this more than 150-year-old system, is currently the reliable and economic power source for electric traction. 

A classic example of a hybrid redox flow battery is the zinc-halogen system, such as zinc-bromine, which can be traced back to 1885 [103], and was systematically re-evaluated as a secondary battery in 1964 [104]. Similarly, zinc-chlorine was investigated in the late 1970s and 1980s but was found to be environmentally hazardous (chlorine gas formation) and more complicated in a system level than the zinc-bromine chemistiy. More recently, Lim et al. introduced a circulating aqueous electrolyte to the zinc-bromine battery (ZBB), which dramatically improved the performance of the system [105]. The electrode reactions of a ZBB are ... 

Safety in the use of the lithium (aluminium) iron monosiilphide battery is superior to that of other secondary batteries. No special precautions are needed to remove toxic or explosive gases as occur, for example, in the case of lead-acid or zinc-bromine systems. 

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