Ziconotide

Staats, P.S., Yearwood, T., Charapata, S.G., Presley, R.W., Wallace, M.S., Byas-Smith, M., Fisher, R., Bryce, D.A., Mangieri, E.A., Luther, R.R., Mayo, M., McGuire, D., and Ellis, D., Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 291,63,2004. 

Ziconotide (45 Prialt ) Ziconotide (45) Peptide NP Animal Pain Acts as a selective /V-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker 417 28... 

Skov MJ, Beck JC, Kater AW, Shopp GM. (2007) Nonclinical safety of ziconotide An intrathecal analgesic of a new pharmaceutical class. Int J... 

Wallace MS. (2006) Ziconotide A new nonopioid intrathecal analgesic for the treatment of chronic pain. Expert Rev Neurother 6 1423-1428. 

Miljanich GP. (2004) Ziconotide Neuronal calcium channel blocker for treating severe chronic pain. Curr Med Chem 11 3029-3040. 

Klotz U. (2006) Ziconotide — a novel neuron-specific calcium channel blocker for the intrathecal treatment of severe chronic pain — a short review. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 44 478—483. 

Cono toxins represent one of the more inspiring examples of marine toxins because of their outstanding biological activities in their habitat, in the sea, as well as their being drug leads.Ziconotide, (Prialt) a 25 amino acid peptide isolated from cones, became the first FDA approved drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain and severe chronic pain that do not respond to other forms of treatment. 

Amitriptyline (ElavU) Tramadol (Ultram, Ziconotide (Prialt)... 

Ziconotide is a non-opioid, non-NSAID, non-local anesthetic used for the amelioration of chronic pain. In December 2004 the FDA approved ziconotide for intrathecal administration. The drug is derived from a marine snail toxin. Its mechanism of action has not yet been elucidated. Due to serious side effects or lack of efficacy when delivered through more conventional routes ziconotide must be administered in-trathecally. It s use is considered appropriate only for management of severe chronic pain in patients for whom intrathecal therapy is indicated. 

N Cav2.2 Neurons, sperm2 Short, high threshold Ziconotide,3 gabapentin,4 m-CTX-GVIA, (B-aga-IIIA, Cd2+... 

Concerning the -conopeptides, SNX-111 (Ziconotide) seems to be one of the proteins with the highest intrinsic antinociceptive activity in the formalin test (Table 4, Malmberg and Yaksh, 1994). This may be the main reason why most of the papers cited deal with this special synthetic peptide. 

Hot plate Morphine SNX-111 (Ziconotide) M 15 pg/hr S 30 ng/hr continuous spinal infusion for 7 days Both drugs alone at this dose = little effect in combination = response latencies greatly exceed those produced by either compound alone Bowersox et al. (1998)... 

Formalin test Morphine SNX-111 (Ziconotide) dose-response curves alone and in combination i.t. Isobolographical analysis combination of both drugs results in an additive effect Wang et al. (2000)... 

Clinical studies of N-type VDCC inhibitors are limited to SNX-111 (Ziconotide), a synthetic peptide related to the naturally-occurring co-conopeptide MVIIA (see Table 3 for clinical reviews see Hunter, 1999 and Prado, 2001). 

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