Yttrium lanthanum oxide

Yttrium oxide has become increasingly inportant in the stabilization of Zr02 in the cubic phase. This Zr02 is used as a high temperature material. Because at hi tanperatures it becomes conductive, the Y20-3-stabilized Zr02 serves also as an electrode, for exairple in" tne high tenperature electrolysis of water, where in addition yttrium-lanthanum oxide serves as the solid electrolyte. has a similar function as an... 

C.G. Dou, Q.H. Yang, X.M. Hu, J. Xu, Cooperative up-conversion luminescence of ytterbium doped yttrium lanthanum oxide transparent ceramic, Optics Communications, 281, 692-5 (2008). 

In this paper, Nd -doped yttrium lanthanum oxide transparent ceramics Nd (Yi-xLax)203 (x=0 0.1) were prepared. The spectroscopic properties of Nd (Y].xLax)203 transparent ceramic at room temperature were investigated. 

Effect of L3203 on the Properties of Nd -Doped Yttrium Lanthanum Oxide Ceramics... 

THE EFFECT OF LagOg ON THE PROPERTIES OF Nd -DOPED 591 YTTRIUM LANTHANUM OXIDE TRANSPARENT CERAMICS Hongxu Zhou, Qiuhong Yang, and Jun Xu... 

Yang QH, Lu SZ, Zhang B, Zhang HI, Zhou J, Yuan ZJ et al (2011) Preparation and laser performance of Nd-doped yttrium lanthanum oxide transparent ceramic. Opt Mater 33 692-694... 

Hao Q, Li WX, Zeng HP, Yang QH, Dou CG, Zhou HX et al (2008) Low-threshold and broadly tunable lasers of Yb -doped yttrium lanthanum oxide ceramic. Appl Phys Lett 92 211106... 

Some nut trees accumulate mineral elements. Hickory nut is notable as an accumulator of aluminum compounds (30) the ash of its leaves contains up to 37.5% of AI2O2, compared with only 0.032% of aluminum oxide in the ash of the Fnglish walnut s autumn leaves. As an accumulator of rare-earth elements, hickory greatly exceeds all other plants their leaves show up to 2296 ppm of rare earths (scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium). The amounts of rare-earth elements found in parts of the hickory nut are kernels, at 5 ppm shells, at 7 ppm and shucks, at 17 ppm. The kernel of the Bra2d nut contains large amounts of barium in an insoluble form when the nut is eaten, barium dissolves in the hydrochloric acid of the stomach. 

Another application is in tire oxidation of vapour mixtures in a chemical vapour transport reaction, the attempt being to coat materials with a tlrin layer of solid electrolyte. For example, a gas phase mixture consisting of the iodides of zirconium and yttrium is oxidized to form a thin layer of ytnia-stabilized zirconia on the surface of an electrode such as one of the lanthanum-snontium doped transition metal perovskites Lai j.Srj.M03 7, which can transmit oxygen as ions and electrons from an isolated volume of oxygen gas. 

The solvent extraction of rare-earth nitrates into solutions of TBP has been used commercially for the production of high-purity oxides of yttrium, lanthanum, praseodymium and neodymium from various mineral concentrates,39 as well as for the recovery of mixed rare-earth oxides as a byproduct in the manufacture of phosphoric acid from apatite ores.272 273 In both instances, extraction is carried out from concentrated nitrate solutions, and the loaded organic phases are stripped with water. The rare-earth metals are precipitated from the strip liquors in the form of hydroxides or oxalates, both of which can be calcined to the oxides. Since the distribution coefficients (D) for adjacent rare earths are closely similar, mixer—settler assemblies with 50 or more stages operated under conditions of total reflux are necessary to yield products of adequate purity.39... 

Transparency to the incident radiation is a trait of a transducer. Yttrium oxide, doped with lanthanum oxide is transparent to IR radiation. Blocking of undesired UV radiation is achieved by cerium doped glasses. Some examples of modulating transducers are given in Table 12.17. 

Rare earth nitrates can be prepared using nitric acid to react with a corresponding oxide, hydroxide, carbonate or metal. These nitrates dissolve easily in polar solvents such as water, alcohols, esters or nitriles. They are unstable to heat as the decomposition temperature for the nitrates of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, and samarium are 510,480, 780,450, 505, 830, and 750 °C, respectively. 

Chemicae Eormulas Common compounds o Cerium oxide CeiOs o Gadolinium oxide Gd203 o Lanthanum oxide LaiOs o Yttrium oxide Y2O3 o Cerium nitrate Ce(N03)3 o Cerium chloride CeCls... 

Mesoporous yttrium zirconium oxide or mesoporous cerium oxide anodes and a mesoporous lanthanum strontium manganate cathode constructed from nanocrystallites of these materials organized by a templating mesophase can be used in solid-oxide fuel cells. Mesoporous TiCU has a potential application in dye-sensitized solar cells. 

Brosha, E.L., Mukundan, R., Brown, D.R. and Garzon, F. (2002) Mixed potential sensors using lanthanum manganate and terbium yttrium zirconium oxide electrodes. Sens. Actuators B, 87 (1), 47—57. 

E.P. Aleksandrov, B.D. Vasin, S.V. Krivonogov and A.G. Tyustin, Chlorination of Oxides of Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum, Praseodymium, Neodymium and Europium by Carbon Tetrachloride (Abstract of the 10th All-Union Conference on Physics, Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Ionic Melts and Solid Electrolytes, Ekaterinbourg, Vol. 1. 1992) p. 88. 

This chapter centers on the determination of enthalpies of formation of pure rare earth binary oxides at 298.15 K. Inasmuch as possible, the other properties and the properties at temperatures other than 298.15 K are also presented. In this chapter the rare earths are considered to be yttrium, lanthanum, and the lanthanide elements Ce-Lu. The thermochemistry of scandium oxides is not treated in this chapter. 

Cyclooctatetraenyl derivatives of the rare earths were synthesized shortly after the characterization of uranocene first for europium and ytterbium in the oxidation state R by Hayes and Thomas (1969a). But one year later, Mares et al. (1970) prepared complexes of the type K[R(Cj,Hg)2], where R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Tb. The corresponding yttrium, lanthanum and gadolinium derivatives are described by Hodgson et al. (1973) and the scandium compound was made by Westerhof and De Liefde Meijer in 1976 ... 

In the comprehensive studies of the radioactive species produced in the fission of uranium it has been found that over thirty are members of the rare earth family (isotopes of yttrium and the group lanthanum through europium). The chemical and physical identification of these was an important part of the research program of the Manhattan Project. Standard oxidative separations and fractional precipitations and the use of radiochemical methods based on chain relations served to distinguish the activities of yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, and some of praseodymium, and those of samarium and europium. The characterization of the sequence praseodymium, neodymium, and element 61 presented very difficult problems that were solved only with the intensification of ion exchange methods originally developed by Boyd and co-workers and applied to the rare earth field by Cohn and co-workers. (Marinsky et al. 1947)... 

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