Gadolinium derivative

The gadolinium derivative was discussed as a potential agent in Magnetic Resonace Imaging [Ri(20 MHz, 37°C) = 3.91 mmols-1]. 

Catalytic Oppenauer oxidations (Eq. 28) and Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reductions (Eq. 29) were studied in detail [232,234]. The gadolinium derivative, employed in situ without elimination of LiCl, was reported to be ten times more reactive in the MPV reduction of cyclohexanone as the standard reagent Al(OiPr)3 [235]. 

The great versatility of binol as a chiral ligand has been extended to the Strecker reaction. Shibasaki38 has developed bifunctional catalysts employing the use of this species. After the reportewd use of an aluminum variation of this catalyst 75 for the asymmetric formation of cyanohydrins, aluminum and gadolinium derivatives of 78 were shown to efficiently catalyze the addition of cyanide to imines. 

Cyclooctatetraenyl derivatives of the rare earths were synthesized shortly after the characterization of uranocene first for europium and ytterbium in the oxidation state R by Hayes and Thomas (1969a). But one year later, Mares et al. (1970) prepared complexes of the type K[R(Cj,Hg)2], where R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, and Tb. The corresponding yttrium, lanthanum and gadolinium derivatives are described by Hodgson et al. (1973) and the scandium compound was made by Westerhof and De Liefde Meijer in 1976 ... 

Resorcinol Derivatives. Aminophenols (qv) are important intermediates for the syntheses of dyes or active molecules for agrochemistry and pharmacy. Syntheses have been described involving resorcinol reacting with amines (91). For these reactions, a number of catalysts have been used / -toluene sulfonic acid (92), zinc chloride (93), zeoHtes and clays (94), and oxides supported on siUca (95). In particular, catalysts performing the condensation of ammonia with resorcinol have been described gadolinium oxide on siUca (96), nickel, or zinc phosphates (97), and iron phosphate (98). 

Evans and Wu have prepared complexes derived from PyBOx ligands and samarium or gadolinium triflates that were efficient for the Diels-Alder reaction between various quinones and dienes [102] (see Scheme 38 for an example). 

Aime, S., Anelli, P.L., Botta, M., Fedeli, F., Grandi, M., Paoli, P., and Uggeri, F. (1992) Synthesis, characterization, and 1/T1 NMRD profiles of gadolinium (III) complexes of monoamide derivatives of DOTA-like ligands. X-ray structure of the 10-[2-[[2-hydroxy-l-(hydroxyl-methyl)ethyl]amino]-l-[phenylmethoxy)methyl]-2-oxo-ethyl]-l,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane-l,4,7-triacetic acid-gadolinium (III) complex. Inorg. Chem. 31, 2422-2428. 

Gadolinium(III) complexes containing phosphonate groups can be targeted to bone. Examples are the DOTA derivatives (325, 326) and complexes of aminophosphonate ligands (327). 

The relaxation of certain 13C nuclei in some uronic acids and derivatives is affected by Gd3+. For example, on addition of gadolinium nitrate to solutions of heparin or dermatan sulfate in D20, the C-l and C-6 signals of the uronic acid residues are selectively diminished. This property would be expected from a-L-idopyranosyluronic acid residues, as the C-l and C-6 signals of sodium a-D-idopyranuronate are similarly lessened in intensity, whereas those of the j8 anomer are... 

Gadolinium - the atomic number is 64 and the chemical symbol is Gd. The name derives from the mineral gadolinite, in which it was found, and which had been named for the Finnish rare earth chemist Johan Gadolin . It was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1886, who produced a white oxide he called Y in a samarskite mineral. In 1886, the French chemist Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran gave the name gadolinium to Y . 

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