Your Reagents

This common procedure consists of mixing your reagents with a solvent, boiling the solvent, condensing the vapors, and returning them back to the flask. Observe these rules. 

One of your reagents must be handled with extra care. Which reagent is this Hint Look under Chemicals and Equipment.) Why is it dangerous ... 

Mix your reagents slowly, with continuous stirring, to encourage the growth of large crystals of the compound. 

Controls. Test all your probes on normal chromosomes prepared from lymphocytes. This is essential no matter what your final application is. In addition, for interphase cytogenetics, use sections from normal tissue. Pay particular attention to specificity of hybridization. Some probes such as chromosome-specific repeat-sequence probes can bind to several chromosomes if the hybridization conditions are not correct. Use commercial probes to test your reagents. 

Keynes Your reagent could be blocking this from happening. 

Experiment 2. Clean the 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Rinse the flask with distilled water, and drain it thoroughly. Add 10.0 mL of 0.10 M KI and 10.0 mL of distilled water to your flask. Swirl your flask in the pneumatic trough to bring your reagents to the temperature of the bath. Record the bath temperature in TABLE 23.2. Add 10.0 mL of the stock solution of H2O2. Quickly stopper the flask, and take readings at exactly 2-mL intervals until 14 mL of oxygen has accumulated. Record volumes and times in TABLE 23.2. 

Does irradiation cause damage to the enzyme which has been photosensitized by your reagents ... 

The irreversible addition of organometallic reagents and metal hydrides provides a simple synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. But you have to be careful to choose your reagents properly, so that the desired substitution pattern is achieved. 

Wnte equations showing how to prepare each of the following from benzene or toluene and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents If an ortho para mixture is formed in any step of your synthesis assume that you can separate the two isomers... 

Suggest methods for the preparation of each of these using D2O as the source of deutenum butanols of your choice and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents... 

Choose which member in each of the following pairs reacts faster or has the more favor able equihbnum constant for reaction with the indicated reagent Explain your reasoning... 

On the basis of this retrosynthetic analysis design a synthesis of N methyl 4 phenylpipendine (compound A where R = CH3 R = C6H5) Present your answer as a series of equations show ing all necessary reagents and isolated intermediates... 

We need to keep in mind the disposal costs in all of the mechanisms for solidification. With the first method, keep in mind that free liquids are typically not allowed in most disposal scenarios. And adding too much adsorbent can substantially add to disposal costs. Make this point clear to your field people. As far as using polymerization catalysts and chemical reagents, keep in mind disposal costs. Ensure that you are cognizant of disposal costs of spent catalyst prior to using this scenario. As far as freezing is concerned, consider the cost to keep the contaminants frozen and what the downsides are. The downsides besides cost include measures in case of power failure and use of freezing equipment after wastes have been disposed. 

Z)-9-Tricosene [(Z)-CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)i2CH3] is the sex pheromone of the female housefly. Synthetic (Z)-9-tricosene is used as bait to lure male flies to traps that contain insecticide. Using acetylene and alcohols of your choice as starting materials, along with any necessary inorganic reagents, show how you could prepare (Z)-9-tricosene. 

Problem 8.12 Beginning with 4-octyne as your only source of carbon, and using any inorganic reagents necessary, how would you synthesize the following compounds ... 

How would you synthesize the following alcohols, starting with benzene and other alcohols of six or fewer carbons as your only organic reagents ... 

Determine a, b, c and d as functions of time. Continue your calculations until the limiting reagent is 90% consumed given uo=... 

You must know the stereochemistry and regiochemistry for every reaction, and each of them is contained within the mechanism. In the problems above, you were told what to expect for the stereochemistry and the regiochemistry. When you are doing problems in youi textbook and on your exams, you will be expected to know what these pieces of information are simply from looking at the reagents. A solid understanding of every mechanism will be an invaluable asset to you in this course. 

After you have filled in the necessary reagents above, you should study this diagram carefully. Look it over, and make sure that every part of it makes sense to you. Go over it ten times in your head. Review it until you are able to reconstruct the whole diagram on a blank piece of paper (with nothing else in front of you). 

EXERCISE 12.50 Using any reagents of your choice, show three different ways of preparing the following alcohol ... 

PROBLEMS Starting with 1-propanol, and using any other reagents of your choice, show how you could use a WilUamson Ether synthesis to make each of the following... 

To prepare yourself for solving multistep syntheses, you need to learn how to think in more than one move. If you carefully review your list of reactions, you will find that the products of some reactions are the starting material for other reactions. For example, you will find that some reactions are used to form double bonds, and other reactions add reagents across double bonds. So if you pair up all of the possibilities, you will create a list of many two-step syntheses. By studying these two-step possibilities, you will begin to get familiar with seeing syntheses that are more than one step. 

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