Yields of rice

Khoshgoftarmanesh A.H., Kalbasi M. Effect of municipal waste leachate on soil properties and growth and yield of rice. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 2002 33 2011-2020. 

Figure 7.1 Increases in world population, arable area, average yields of rice and wheat, amount of fertilizer N used, and the irrigated area of the world (Evans, 1997). Reproduced by permission of the Royal Society...

Peng S, Laza RC, Visperas RM, Sanico AL, Cassman KG, Khush GS. 2000. Grain yield of rice cultivars and lines developed in the Philippines since 1966. Crop Science 40 307-314. 

Ponnamperuma EN. 1955. The chemistry of submerged soils in relation to the growth and yield of rice. PhD thesis, Cornell University. 

Application of epibrassinolide at flowering increased the yield of rice by 11 %. A 10-20 % increase was also observed for the weights of rape seed and soybean (16). Similar promising results were obtained from tests with com, potatos, sweet potatos, spinach, etc (15). Occasionally, tests with wheat showed varying results depending on the location. 

In another place, Dzung and Thuoc (2006) also studied effect of chitosan oligomer on growth and CTOp yield of rice. The experiment was carried out in Ea Kar district, Dak Lak province in 2003. The yield of treated rice at 40 ppm chitosan foliar application increased by 12.35% compared to the control and higher than the Grow and AC foliar. The leaf of treated rice seemed greener than the control before harvesting. 

De Datta, S. K. 1985. Nutrient Requirement for Sustained High Yields of Rice and Other Cereals, Proceedings of Colloquium Potassium in Agricultural Systems of the Humid Tropics, pp. 97-120, International Potash Institute, Switzerland. 

The effect of chitosan treatment of growth and yield of rice have been recognized from the germination, the sowing to the gathering of rice as follows ... 

These yield parameters lead to the average increase in yield of rice by... 

With modern production methods 1500 kilograms of petroleum per hectare are needed for rice and 700 kilograms for maize. However, with this commercial energy use, yields of 5.8 metric tons per hectare have been obtained for rice and 5 metric tons per hectare for maize—about five times those obtained with traditional methods. Thus, 20 to 25 people can be fed on an all-grain diet from a single hectare compared with 4 to 6 people by traditional methods. 

Nearly 1.1 million ha of rice were planted in the US in 2012, yielding an average of 8.3 Mg ha-1 for a total production of 9.0 Tg of rice prior to milling, compared to 23 million ha planted with an average yield of 3.1 Mg ha-1 for a total of 62 Tg of wheat production, and over 39 million ha of planted maize with average yields of 7.7 Mg ha-1 for a total production of 274 Tg [11]. 

Swarup A., Anand S. Transformation and availability of iron and manganese in submerged sodic soils in relation to yield and nutrition of rice. Fertilizer News 1989 34 21-23. 

Irrespectively of the iron content, the applied synthesis procedure yielded highly crystalline microporous products i.e. the Fe-ZSM-22 zeolite. No contamination with other microporous phases or unreacted amorphous material was detected. The SEM analysis revealed that size and morphology of the crystals depended on the Si/Fe ratio. The ZSM-22 samples poor in Fe (Si/Fe=150) consisted of rice-like isolated crystals up to 5 p. On the other hand the preparation with a high iron content (Fe=27, 36) consisted of agglomerates of very small (<0.5 p) poorly defined crystals. The incorporation of Fe3+ into the framework positions was confirmed by XRD - an increase of the unit cell parameters with the increase in the number of the Fe atoms introduced into the framework was observed, and by IR - the Si-OH-Fe band at 3620 cm 1 appeared in the spectra of activated Fe-TON samples. 

Rasmussen IA (2004) The effect of sowing date, stale seedbed, row width and mechanical control on weeds and yields of organic winter wheat. Weed Res 44 12-20 Reddy KC (2001) Effects of cereal and legume cover crop residues on weeds yield, and net return in soybean (Glycine max),. Weed Tech 15 660-668 Reynolds LB, Potter JW, Ball-Coelho BR (2000) Crop rotation with Tagetes sp. is an alternative to chemical fumigation for control of root-lesion nematodes. Agron J 92 957-966 Rice EL (1984) Allelopathy. Academic, New York, p 317... 

Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus simplex). Isely and Schwardt (16) who worked with this insect from 1930 to 1933, inclusive, state, The rice water weevil is the most important insect pest of rice in Arkansas. It seems likely that this statement also applies to most of the other rice-producing areas of the southern states. Although the adult weevils feed to a considerable extent on rice leaves, the principal injury is caused by the larvae feeding on the rice roots. Under conditions of heavy infestations practically all the roots are destroyed approximately 4 to 5 weeks from the time of the first flooding of the fields. Normally, even under such conditions, the rice is not killed and when the larvae have matured and ceased feeding, the plants produce a new set of roots and will still produce a crop. The severe setback given the plants during this period naturally results in a marked reduction in yield. 

---