Yield organic matter

During the replanting program, the oil palm trunks and fronds are chipped into small pieces and pulverized using a special pulverizer. The biomass residues are left in the field to allow for decomposition processing, which could then yield organic matter and release of plant nutrients. The placement of tmnk residues on field terraces could also reduce soil erosion. 

Alternative uses of EEB have been investigated and results have shown that they are suitable as a mulching material for oil palm. The EFB are fibrous in nature and have a high moisture content (about 60%). The application of EFB in the interrows of palm avenues has been shown to improve oil palm growth and yield performance. When applied onto the soil surface, the EFB undergoes a degradation process that will yield organic matter and slowly release plant nutrients for crop uptake. 

Available Chlorine Test. The chlorine germicidal equivalent concentration test is a practical-type test. It is called a capacity test. Under practical conditions of use, a container of disinfectant might receive many soiled, contaminated instniments or other items to be disinfected. Eventually, the capacity of the disinfectant to serve its function would be overloaded due to reaction with the accumulated organic matter and organisms. The chlorine germicidal equivalent concentration test compares the load of a culture of bacteria that a concentration of a disinfectant will absorb and still kill bacteria, as compared to standard concentrations of sodium hypochlorite tested similarly. In the test, 10 successive additions of the test culture are added to each of 3 concentrations of the hypochlorite. One min after each addition a sample is transferred to the subculture medium and the next addition is made 1.5 min after the previous one. The disinfectant is then evaluated in a manner similar to the phenol coefficient test. For equivalence, the disinfectant must yield the same number of negative tubes as one of the chlorine standards. 

Some of the authors had drawn attention to the expl character of Picric Acid salts, but it was not until 1830 that Welter (Ref 3) suggested the possibility of using picrates as expls. At that time Picric Acid was prepared solely by the action of nitric acid on indigo. Marchand (Ref 6) expressed the view, which proved to be true, that it was aniline, formed as an intermediate product in the process of decompn of indigo, silk and other organic matter, that yielded Picric Acid under the influence of nitric acid... 

More actinomycetous isolates were obtained from soils with a high organic matter content than from sandy soils with low organic matter (Table I). Sample I, collected under black locust trees, and sample P, collected under fescue sod in a young apple orchard, yielded the most isolates. Fewest isolates were obtained from sample A, which contained little organic matter due to having previously been burned, and samples C, H, and U, all sandy soils with low organic matter content. 

Table I shows that most of the South African bituminous coal contain high quantities of mineral matter which is often intimately associated with the organic matter of the coal. About half of the resources yield between 30 and 35 per cent ash.

It is assumed that of this 5000 m3/h deposited, 2000 m3/h or 40% is buried (yielding the advective flow rate in Table 1.5.1), 2000 m3/h or 40% is resuspended (as discussed later) and the remaining 20% is mineralized organic matter. The organic carbon balance is thus only approximate. 

Although arsenic is not an essential plant nutrient, small yield increases have sometimes been observed at low soil arsenic levels, especially for tolerant crops such as potatoes, com, rye, and wheat (Woolson 1975). Arsenic phytotoxicity of soils is reduced with increasing lime, organic matter, iron, zinc, and phosphates (NRCC 1978). In most soil systems, the chemistry of As becomes the chemistry of arsenate the estimated half-time of arsenic in soils is about 6.5 years, although losses of 60% in 3 years and 67% in 7 years have been reported (Woolson 1975). Additional research is warranted on the role of arsenic in crop production, and in nutrition, with special reference to essentiality for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife. 

Upon burial in the sediments, organic matter is microbially oxidized in a sequence dictated by the Gibbs Free Energy yield of each reaction (Froelich et at., 1979). The oxidants are used in this sequence respiration of oxygen,... 

As a result, the partial breakdown of the organic matter by fermentation yields organic products with a low molecular weight, e.g., VFAs, along with C02. Compared with the aerobic respiration, the fermentation is inefficient however, these fermentation products can to some extent, and in addition to fermentable substrate, be used by the sulfate-reducing bacteria that make use of sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor (Nielsen and Hvitved-Jacobsen, 1988). In the absence of sulfate, the methanogenic bacteria utilize the low molecular... 

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