Organic matter on minerals

The relative solubilities reported are very crude estimates based on equilibrium solubility products. These estimates do not take into account variations in solubility as a function of pH, ionic strength, activities of various solution species (e.g., HCO "), redox state, particle size, surface defect types and concentrations, the concentration of various types of adsorbates, including natural organic matter, on mineral surface, or the presence of different types of bacteria or microbial biofilms on mineral surfaces. 

Submonolayer below the monolayer-equivalent range in sediments, reflecting more efficient decomposition of organic matter on mineral surfaces. 

A variant of the above problem is the presence of immiscible liquids such as oil, dissolved hydrophilic organics, or hydrophobic organic matter on mineral surfaces. As discussed by MacGowan and Surdam in this volume, aluminum and other inorganic species important to our understanding of mineral systems, partition between immiscible liquids such as oil and water. 

As a conseqnence of the discussion of organo-mineral interaction for the preservation of organic matter in sediments (see Sect. 4.2), Collins et al. (1995) raised the qnestion if sorption of organic matter on mineral snrfaces did not lead to a rebirth of the classical... 

NISHITA H., KOWALEWSKY B.W. and LARSON K.H. 1956. Influence of soil organic matter on mineral uptake by barley seedlings. Soil Science, 82, 307-318. 

The Effects of Soil/Sediment Organic Matter on Mineralization, Desorption, and Immobilization of Phenanthrene... 

Soil is a relatively thin layer of unconsolidated matter on the surface of the earth, in which there is biological activity. The bulk of most soil consists of a mixture of extremely small, loose particles of minerals and organic matter the mineral particles are derived from the weathering of rocks the organic matter from the dead remains of living organisms (Rowell 1994 Limbrey 1975). The composition and texture of the soil are altered by human habitation humans change the natural flora and fauna of entire areas, their activ-... 

Yoon, T. H., Johnson, S. B., and Brown, G. E., Jr. (2005). Adsorption of organic matter at mineral/water interfaces 4. Adsorption of humic substances at boehmite-water interfaces and impact on boehmite dissolution. Langmuir 21,5002-5012. 

Schmitt, D., Taylor, H. E., Aiken, G. R., Roth, D. A., and Frimmel, F. H. (2002). Influence of natural organic matter on the adsorption of metal ions onto clay minerals. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 2932-2938. 

Used widely in synthetic macromolecular and natural biopolymer fields to evaluate structural and thermodynamic properties of macromolecular materials, thermal analytical methods have been applied to assist in the characterization of natural organic matter (NOM). Originally applied to whole soils, early thermal studies focused on qualitative and quantitative examination of soil constituents. Information derived from such analyses included water, organic matter, and mineral contents (Matejka, 1922 Tan and Hajek, 1977), composition of organic matter (Tan and Clark, 1969), and type of minerals (Matejka, 1922 Hendricks and Alexander, 1940). Additional early studies applied thermal analyses in a focused effort for NOM characterization, including structure (Turner and Schnitzer, 1962 Ishiwata, 1969) and NOM-metal complexes (e.g., Schnitzer and Kodama, 1972 Jambu et al., 1975a,b Tan, 1978). Summaries of early thermal analytical methods for soils and humic substances may be found in Tan and Hajek (1977) and Schnitzer (1972), respectively, while more current reviews of thermal techniques are provided by Senesi and Lof-fredo (1999) and Barros et al. (2006). 

Leiros M. C., Trasar-Cepeda C., Seoane S., and Gil-Sotres F. (1999) Dependence of mineralization of soil organic matter on temperature and moisture. Soil Biol. Biochem. 31(3), 327-335. 

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