Yeast labeling

Miscellaneous Alkaloids. Stukimic acid (57) is a precursor of anthranihc acid (28) and, in yeasts and Escherichia coli (a bacterium), anthranHic acid (o-aminobenzoic acid) is known to serve as a precursor of tryptophan (26). A similar but yet unknown path is presumed to operate in higher plants. Nonetheless, anthranHic acid itself is recognized as a precursor to a number of alkaloids. Thus damascenine [483-64-7] (134), C qH NO, from the seed coats of JSHgella damascena has been shown (95) to incorporate labeled anthranHic acid when unripe seeds of the plant are incubated with labeled precursor. 

As another example, studies with deuterium-labeled substrates have shown that the reaction of ethanol with the coenzyme NAD+ catalyzed by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase occurs with exclusive removal of the pro-R hydrogen from ethanol and with addition only to the Re face of NAD+. 

The subcellular location of PG was studied in cells disrupted by osmotic lysis through formation and disruption of sphaeroplasts from self-induced anaerobically-grown cells. A discontinuous sucrose-density gradient produced four bands labelled I, II, III and IV. Band I included many vesicles and a peak of alkaline phosphatase activity (a vacuolar marker in yeasts), NADPH cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity, an endoplasmic reticulum marker, and... 

Chen, I., Choi, Y. A. and Ting, A. Y. (2007). Phage display evolution of a peptide substrate for yeast biotin ligase and application to two-color quantum dot labeling of cell surface proteins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 6619-25. 

Guerrero et al. (2006) used this technique along with the quantitative mass spec strategy called SILAC (stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture Ong et al., 2002) to identify the yeast proteins that interact with the 26 S proteasome. 

The 13C-labelled squalene has been used71 to study the mechanism of its enzymatic conversion to lanosterol (3-/J-hydroxy-8,24-lanostadiene72) by yeast squalene-oxide lanosterol... 

When I brushed my teeth my gums would swell and bleed, and I became allergic to a lot of foods that had never bothered me before. My diet changed dramatically. Yeast, dairy and wheat products make me sick. I had to start reading labels and shopping in the health food stores. 

The first example of a dynamic flux analysis was a study performed in the 1960s [269]. In the yeast Candida utilis, the authors determined metabolic fluxes via the amino acid synthesis network by applying a pulse with 15N-labeled ammonia and chasing the label with unlabeled ammonia. Differential equations were then used to calculate the isotope abundance of intermediates in these pathways, with unknown rate values fitted to experimental data. In this way, the authors could show that only glutamic acid and glutamine-amide receive their nitrogen atoms directly from ammonia, to then pass it on to the other amino acids. 

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