Yarn, types

Series Shade of Dyes Yarn Type in Series ... 

Package Number Yarn Type Color Differences in MacAdam Units (Position of Yarn in Package) Average Color Di fference Versus Standard... 

Inspection of the fabric attribute dimensions for all location points revealed that certain attributes were either absent or unrecognizable. These attributes are fiber bundle, fiber single, fiber crimp, fiber surface, fiber pattern, yarn type, and yarn twist direction. Therefore, these attributes were deleted from the statistical analysis. The remaining attributes were either present at all location points or exhibited variation. These attributes included the three (layers, 1/1, and float) whose interactive effects had direct relevance to the research hypothesis, and the following fiber and yarn attributes paired fibers, 0 twist, combined yarns, yarn system A, yarn systems A + B, yarn systems A + B + C + D, fabric distortion, red, green, and black. 

Fiber Evidence. Because analyses reveal no organic structure, the fiber evidence is of physical rather than chemical nature. As noted earlier, the yarn-type formations consist of paired hair-like strands moving parallel to each other (Figure 6). Two hair-like strands are used consistently in each unit, and the strands do not twist around each other. Rather they maintain the same plane or axis. In addition, each formation follows a trajectory that, although following the contours of the blade, is relatively straight. No crimp or waviness was observed. 

Yarn Evidence. Several types of yarn formations were distinguished. The paired-fiber yarn shape evident in the yam-type formations is present in the fabric-type areas as well (Figure 5). For the most part, this formation is green in color, indicating malachite however, some of the paired fiber yarn shapes are a dark brown-black in color. These darker entities appear more often in the fabric-type zones than in the yarn-type areas. 

Measurements were obtained from selected yarn pseudomorphs, and the figures indicate a fair amount of consistency for the single-fiber yarn type and the paired-fiber yarn shape. Not as easily measured were yarn pseudomorphs with multiple components, either in the form of a single strand with numerous fiber components or a plied yarn pseudo-morph. Because encmstations had formed along the surfaces of the formations, it was difficult to identify clear boundaries for them. 

At one point, a green yarn type (system A) floated over three green yarn strands (system B) before interlacing with a fourth green strand from system B. Unfortunately, the mineralization along the yam-shape surfaces also obscured the rest of the structure. 

The presence of yarn-type formations from two different systems interlacing in a perpendicular relation to each other confirms a formerly woven-fabric structure for the pseudomorphs. The evidence of the pseu-domorphic fibers, yarns, and fabrics confirms the former presence of silk fabrics on a Shang Dynasty bronze weapon. Further discussion and implications of these findings fall outside the purview of this investigation future work will focus upon an analysis of specific fabric structures present on Shang bronzes. 

Basic and standard yarns (Types 100 and 120). In colours of above 1/3 standard depth basic dyes will not reserve the type 100 and, unless very carefully selected, the acid dyes will stain the basic dyeable component. 

Yarn type Linear density, dtex/filament number Tenacity, Ntex Breaking strain, % Hot air shrinkage at ISO C, %... 

Fabric constructions and yarn types for solid-liquid filtration... 

Yarn type Linear Average Average Average... 

One of four basic yarn types, shown in Figure 2.2, is normally employed in the production of woven fabrics monofilaments, multifilaments, staple spun yams and fibrillated tape yams (a helpful summary of trade names is given by Purchas and Sutherland, 2002). 

Figure 2.2 Common yarn types used in the manufacture of filter media (Madison Filter).

Permeability to resin flow To achieve the highest mechanical properties, the designers would like to have high fiber volume fraction but they should not forget that this decreases the permeability of the preform, and thus the resin flow will be more difficult. High preform permeability allows rapid mold filling under constant pressure injection, or lower injection pressure under constant flow rate injection. The permeability is dependent on the fiber structure (tex of the yarns, type of the fabric, orientations of the plies and fiber volume fraction which is dependent on the compaction of the preform in the mold cavity). 

Several diameters of filaments are available (see Table 7.5), as well as many different yarn types. D, DE, E, and G filaments are the most commonly used. Combining the various yarn... 

With the possible combinations of glass compositions, filament diameters, yarn types, and the number of different weave patterns available, the number of possible fiberglass cloths can almost be unlimited. The effects that these glass fabrics have on the base material are driven by these variables. In addition, the fabric count, or the number of warp yarns and fill yarns, also helps determine the properties of the fabric and the base material. Warp yarns are those that lie in the length (machine direction) of the fabric, whereas the fill yarns lie across the warp direction. The warp direction is also commonly called the grain direction. 

For yam titers it is usefiil to specify the number of filaments. For example, an aramid yam type could be indicated as 1500 denier f 1000, which means that the yam contains 1000 filaments, each of 1.5 denier. In dtex, this yarn type would be 1670 dtex f 1000, a filament titer of 1.67 dtex. 

Direct spinning is not very common for industrial yarns because there are only a few yarn types that would match the large capacity of polymerization units (> 25 000 ton y ). A further complication is that the polymer must be condensed to a high molecular weight, but this can be achieved in deep-vacuum, thin-film finishers . In most cases chips with a textile viscosity are solid-state postcon-densed, at a relatively low temperature (about 230°C), which takes many hours but has the advantage that thermal degradation is minimized. 

Table 10.3. Sample no. vs. yarn type [Source Reference 63]...

Figure 3.26 presents a comparison of three yarn types with regard to yarn uniformity, twist level, and yarn structure. Table 3.2 shows a comparison of the three most important spinning principles in various characteristics both direct (tenacity, elongation, uniformity, and so on) and indirect (tensile force) parameters were chosen. 

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