X-ray excited auger electron

A typical x-ray photoelectron spectmm consists of a plot of the iatensity of photoelectrons as a function of electron E or Ej A sample is shown ia Figure 8 for Ag (21). In this spectmm, discrete photoelectron responses from the cote and valence electron energy levels of the Ag atoms ate observed. These electrons ate superimposed on a significant background from the Bremsstrahlung radiation inherent ia n onm on ochrom a tic x-ray sources (see below) which produces an increa sing number of photoelectrons as decreases. Also observed ia the spectmm ate lines due to x-ray excited Auger electrons. 

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) XPS and X-ray-excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XE-AES) measurements were performed with a Perkin Elmer F 5600ci at a working pressure lower than 1027 Pa at the Department of Inorganic Organometallic and Analytical Chemistry in Padova (Italy). 

X-Ray photon beam ( 1.5 keV) X-Ray-excited Auger electron (XEAES) Electron emission and scattering Auger electron energy distribution Core energy levels and atom identification... 

X-ray excited Auger Electron Spectroscopy (XAES) is limited by the flux density of the X-ray source, but conveniently accompanies the photoelectron emission spectrum produced in an X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer. XAES was used by Desimoni and co-workers [54,55],... 

Desimoni E, Cataldi TRI, Ceifidor UB, On the characterization of carbon fiber surfaces by X-ray excited Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Annali di Chimica, 82(5-6), 207-218, 1992. 

On this basis, we focused on the sol-gel synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline copper oxide thin films with the aim to achieve a good control over film chemical composition [66]. In the preparation of such systems, stoichiometry and phase composition represent a major concern, and they can be suitably tailored by a proper choice of the molecular precursors and of the annealing conditions. The chemical composition and copper oxidation state were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XE-AES). Copper oxide thin films (thickness = lOOnm) were produced from copper acetate and were subsequently heated between 100 and 900 °C in different flowing gas atmospheres, i.e. air, nitrogen and forming gas (4% H2 in N2). 

The structure of a mild steel oxide layer built up under different environmental conditions and, in particular, its interaction with corrosion inhibitors is not yet completely clarified (Seo and Sato, 1989 Ryan, 1995 Graham, 1995). The surface analytical techniques of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray excited Auger-electron spectroscopy (XAES) are very useful for identifying the different chemical states... 

X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) 138,153 X-ray absorption spectroscopy 43 X-ray diffraction 43 X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) 518... 

XAES X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy, J coupling constant... 

Treatment of chromia under flow conditions and at moderate temperatures with a variety of C, CFCs or hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) or Cj HFCs is an alternative way of producing a fluorinated chromia surface that is catalytically active [24]. It has the advantage that corrosive reagents such as anhydrous HE are avoided. XPS and X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) demonstrate clearly the points in the processes where activation occurs formation of amorphous highly fluorinated regions at the surface is indicated. Description of local structure is less easily made, although a... 

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