Core-level energy

Core level spectroscopy (XPS) provides information about the energetic position of localized core states. Core level energies are characteristic of the element (atom)... 

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also provides information on the chemical composition of a surface. An incoming photon causes electrons to be emitted from atomic core levels, which are then analyzed as a function of kinetic energy. The shifts of these core-level energies provide information about the chemical environment surrounding the excited atom. This information also includes changes in the oxidation state of the sample. 

Surface shifts in core level energies of transition... 

Electrons photoemitted from atomic core levels are detected as a function of energy. The shifts of core-level energies give information on the chemical environment of the atoms (see ARXPS, ARXPD). 

Table 10.3 Atomic Energies for Selected Core Levels (Energies in keV) (1 eV= 1239.8 nm) ...

Because, in first approximation, ea and a core level energy et undergo much the same chemical shift, AS tends to be quite small. 

Much effort has focused on the interpretation of core level energies, or, alternatively on core level shifts with respect to well-defined references.165,167 A core-level energy difference or shift is fundamentally a difference in energy between the final states of the photoemission process, that is, the energy difference between electronic states in presence of the core-hole left by the absorption of radiation. A typical task for analysis... 

Also included in table 1 is the nitrogen core level energy... 

XPS determined core level energies of sulfur and nitrogen in (SN)X> in Se N and in neutral... 

Monoenergetic electrons ( 3 keV) Electron-excited Auger electron (EEAES) Electron ejection from from core levels Energy distribution of of Auger electrons Core energy levels and atom identification... 

---