Workstations, arrangement

Fiorito, A. (2002), Qualifying and Managing Workstation Arrangements, Institute of Validation Technology s Network Infratructure Quahfication and Software Vahdation Conference, Philadelphia, October 8 and 9. 

ISO 11064-3 1999 Control Room Layout. The third part of ISO 11064 establishes ergonomic principles for the layout of control rooms. It includes requirements, recommendations, and guidelines for control room layouts, workstation arrangements, the use of off-workstation visual displays, and control room maintenance. The standard offers guidance under topics including architectural and operational considerations, workstation arrangement, off-workstation shared displays, circulation of personnel, and maintenance access. 

Horizontal displacement ventilation (see Chapters 7 and 8) is a ventilation principle mainly applied to general ventilation of workrooms. In some instances, a local ventilation problem may be solved by building a separate enclosure or a room around the workstation and arranging for a general ventilation in that enclosure. An example where that principle has been utilized is the control of emissions of and worker exposure to styrene vapors during... 

Much unnecessary exposure to harmful materials arises from the accumulation of dust, other solids, and liquids around a workstation, as well as open containers of solvents and other chemicals stacked in open storage areas. Enforcement of cleanliness and tidiness can do much to reduce this unnecessary exposure. A regular cleanup schedule should be instituted along with immediate cleanup of spills, covering of open containers, and general tidy practices. Toxic wastes should not be allowed to accumulate. Arrangements should be made for their proper disposal. 

The data are from Ref. 31. The objective for optimization is the maximization of the effluent concentration of component B. The performance limit of the system is identihed with each stochastic run requiring an average of only 120 CPU sec on an HP 9000-C100 workstation. Numerous designs are obtained from the stochastic search that perform close to the performance target, mostly variations of series arrangements of PFRs and CSTRs. A detailed discussion of this and other studies is given in Ref. 31. 

Place workstations (desks or machines where work takes place) as close together as possible, in an arrangement that minimizes transportation and motion and optimizes flow. Depending on the type of work performed, certain layouts will work better than others (Exhibit 48.1). Regardless... 

There is no centralized administration or control in the peer-to-peer resource model. However, this very lack of centralized control can make it difficult to administer the network for the same reason, it s not very secure. Moreover, because each computer is acting as both a workstation and server, it may not be easy to locate the resources. The person who is in charge of the file may have moved it without anyone s knowledge. Also, the users who work under this arrangement need more training, because they are not only users but also administrators. 

You must choose the appropriate topology in which to arrange your network. Each type differs by its cost, ease of installation, fault tolerance (how the topology handles problems like cable breaks), and ease of reconfiguration (like adding a new workstation to the existing network). 

Automated assembly systems are used mainly for the production of series and mass-produced articles. In the field of indexing machines, a distinction is made between rotary indexing turntables and rectilinear transfer machines. The essential difference between the two systems is the spatial arrangement of the individual workstations. 

Furniture At the workstation, the worker can adjust or arrange the furniture to be comfortable (e.g., adequate legroom, footrests if needed, proper keyboard or work surface height, etc.). 1 2 3 4 5... 

The required number of operators for the workstations may be planned for the plant on the basis of qualifications and experience necessary to carry out the process operations. Arranging refresher courses for revising the technical knowledge and regular training to correct any wrong methods also contributes towards better operation of the plant. 

All work involving exposure to ionizing radiation must be planned and prepared for carefully in advance. It is always worth doing a dummy run without radioactivity to check out the procedures, to eliminate any awkward or unnecessary tasks, and to optimize the arrangement of the workstation. A discussion relating to the work should not be held next to the radioactive material if it could just as easily take place away from the area. Similarly, radiation dose rates should be kept as low as practicable in areas of high occupancy. 

Basic configuration— TMA commonly consists of a stress generator, displacement detector, furnace, furnace temperature controller, temperature programmer and temperature detector. In a modern TA system, the sample holder part is connected to the workstation which is used in TG DTA, DSC, etc., as shown in Figure 2.1. A typical arrangement of TMA is shown in Figure 2.18. 

Workstations should be arranged so that work may be done safely and comfortably. The worker should be at a suitable height relative to the work surface and there should be no need for undue bending and stretching. Workers must not be expected to stand for long periods of time particularly on solid floors. A suitable seat should be provided when a substantial part of the task can or must be done sitting. The seat should, where possible, provide adequate support for the lower back and a footrest provided for any worker whose feet cannot be placed flat on the floor. It should be made of materials... 

The workstation is designed or arranged for doing VDT tasks so it allows the employee s... 

In many situations, an adequate supply of fresh air can be obtained from an open window but in the larger open plan offices and workshops some form of forced air ventilation may be required. The outlets from ventilation systems should be arranged so that diey do not play on an individual since this can be a source of aimoyance and also interfere with sweat rates to become a health hazard. Outlet velocities and directions of flow should ensure that the air velocity at any one workstation is not so high as to be unpleasant or uncomfortable. In general, the more active the work an airflow as high as 0.5 m/s can be tolerated. However, for sedentary work the flow should be less than 0.1 m/s while in jobs requiring deep concentration even that level of air movement can be distracting. 

Workstations within the room shonld be arranged so as to consider these factors. Also, access has to be provided for maintenance technicians and cleaning staff which can have significant implications in 24-hour operations. Particular attention also must be paid to the access of physically disadvantaged woikers and visitors. 

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