Wool blue

For the hydrolysis, the benzylidene compound is dissolved in 300 cc of a warm 2 per cent soda ash solution, and the solution is filtered to remove a residue of iron carbonate. The solution is then treated with 5 cc. concentrated sodium hydroxide solution (40° B6) and heated with stirring for 1 hour on a water bath. The solution becomes cloudy and the aldehyde separates in oily drops which solidify on cooling. It is dissolved in 1 1 hydrochloric acid and reprecipitated with 2 N soda solution. The yield is 13.2 grams of dry aldehyde melting at 81° (72 per cent calculated on die base used, or 94 per cent calculated on the unrecovered base). The aldehyde can be recrystallized from ligroin. It is used, for example, in the preparation of wool blue 5B (see page 305). 

Leuco wool green S from tetramethyidiaminobenzhydrol and R salt. 307 Leuco wool blue 5B from o-chloro-p>dimethyIaminobenzaldehyde and... 

Fastness rating 1.0.8% Brilliant wool blue FFR extra... 

Other Names C.I. Acid Blue 89, trisodium salt Acid Blue Sh Acid Light Blue Acid Sky Blue Acilan Fast Navy Blue B Atul Acid Sulfon Blue B C.I. 13405 C.I. Acid Blue 89 Calcocid Wool Blue B Cirene Brilliant Blue B Eniacid Brilliant Blue B Fast Wool Blue B Hispacid Fast Blue B Russian Acid Blue Sulfonine Acid Blue B Sulphon Acid Blue B Tertracid Fast Flue SB CA Index Name 2,7-Naphtlialenedisulfonic acid, 4-hydroxy-5-[[4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-5-sulfo-l-naphthalenyl]azo]-, trisodium salt CAS Registry Number 10359-95-2 Merck Index Number Not listed Chemical Structure... 

Hydroxy-5- [4- phenylamino)-5-sulfo-l-naphthaleny[ azo]-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 9CI. C.I. Acid blue 92, 8C1. Coomassie blue. Fast wool blue B. Fast acid blue RH. C.I. 13390 [7488-76-8]... 

Fast sulphon black F, F-00002 Fast violet BS, see H-00556 Fast wool blue B, see A-00366... 

Schweitzer s reagent (dissolves cotton, linen, and silk, but not wool) add NH4CI and NaOH to a solution of copper sulfate. The blue precipitate is filtered off, washed, pressed, and dissolved in ammonia (sp. gr. 0.92). 

An important advance with regard to light stabiUty was made with a group of yellow coumarin dyes with heterocycHc systems attached to the coumarin nucleus (4), eg, a greenish yellow cationic dye that is sold under the name Maxilon Brilliant Flavine 10 GFF [12221 -86-2] (Blue Wool 4), designated Cl Basic Yellow 40, available from several manufacturers. 

The material, made by a two-step diazotization of each naphthalenic sulfonic acid derivative, is typically used in the form of the neutralized sodium salt. A similar sulfonic acid-based azo dye (4) which falls into the class of reactive dyes is also shown (76). This compound, made similarly to (3), is used as a blue dyestuff for cotton and wool. 

Premetallized Dyes. Although discovered in 1912, the 1 1 chromium complexes known as Palatine Fast (BASF) and Neolan (Ciba) dyes had httie practical use as wool dyes until 1920 when it was found that a strongly acidic dyebath (pH ca 2.0) (51) was requited to obtain satisfactory dyeing and acceptable fastness properties. Dyes of this type exemplified by Neolan Blue 2G [6370-12-3] (57) (Cl Acid Blue 158A Cl 15050) are stiU in use despite the damage to the wool caused by the strong acid in the dyebath. 

Among anthraquiaoae dyes (see Dyes, anthraquinone). Acid Blue 78 [6424-75-5] C2 H25BrN20 S -Na, or Alizarin Pure Blue B, is a wool dye. Bromamine acid [116-81-4] (l-amiao-4-bromoanthraquiaoae-2-sulfonic acid), C24HgBrNO S, is a useful dye iatermediate. A number of bromo anthraquiaoae, pyrathroae, and benzanthrone dyes are known. 

Acid—mordant dyes have characteristics similar to those of acid dyes which have a relatively low molecular weight, anionic substituents, and an affinity to polyamide fibers and mordant dyes. In general, brilliant shades caimot be obtained by acid—mordant dyes because they are used as their chromium mordant by treatment with dichromate in the course of the dyeing procedure. However, because of their excellent fastness for light and wet treatment, they are predominandy used to dye wool in heavy shades (navy blue, brown, and black). In terms of chemical constitution, most of the acid—mordant dyes are azo dyes some are triphenyhnethane dyes and very few anthraquinone dyes are used in this area. Cl Mordant Black 13 [1324-21 -6] (183) (Cl 63615) is one of the few examples of currentiy produced anthraquinone acid—mordant dyes. It is prepared by condensation of purpurin with aniline in the presence of boric acid, followed by sulfonation and finally by conversion to the sodium salt (146,147). 

Fastness to Light. The ISO test for colorfastness to light is DajlightlSO 105-B01. The textile specimen is exposed to daylight under prescribed conditions, including protection from rain, along with a series of blue wool reference samples that fade at defined, prescribed, different rates. 

Copper and chromium are used for complexing a number of dyes such as the coppered direct and reactive dyes for cotton and metaUi2ed and neutral metal complex acid dyes for nylon, wool, etc. Examples are Direct Blue 218 [28407-37-6] (Cl 24401) (317), Reactive Violet 2 [8063-57-8] (Cl 18157) (318), and Acid Black 52 [5610-64-0] (Cl 15711) (319). 

Of the fibrous fillers which greatly reduce the brittleness, blue asbestos fibre is normally used for battery boxes, the principal outlet. Other materials that may be used include cotton fibres, ground wood, slag wool and ground cork. 

The reduction is carried out in an uninsulated 3-necked flask, fitted with a dropping funnel, a glass stirrer passing through a fiber-washer, and a short air condenser, plugged at the top with cotton wool. Liquid ammonia is run rapidly from a cylinder into the flask, and sufficient calcium is added to impart a permanent blue color to the liquid. The stated weight of metal is added in about 5 min and the solution is stirred gently for 10 min before the solution of steroid is added. 

The commonest staining trouble is iron stain —the blue-black stain caused by the interaction of soluble iron corrosion products and the natural tannins in wood. Hardwoods are generally more susceptible than softwoods. Steel wool should not be used for smoothing wood surfaces. Iron stains, if not too severe, can be removed with oxalic acid. Heavy contamination with soluble iron corrosion products usually results in migration and conversion to rust deposits in the wood. 

An alternative elution technique is to transfer the powder (e.g. for bromophenol blue) to a glass column fitted with a glass-wool plug or glass sinter, and elute the dye with ethanol containing a little ammonia. The eluted solution, made up to a fixed volume in a small graduated flask, may be used for colorimetric/ spectrophotometric analysis of the recovered dye (see Chapter 17). A calibration curve must, of course, be constructed for each of the individual compounds. 

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