Wiring system selection

The designer must decide at inception whether to provide a cable system or a conduit system. Although both systems have specific advantages, the present trend is toward the installation of cable systems rather than conduit systems. Offshore, the vast majority of new systems are 

LIOUIDTIGHT CONDUfT CONNECTOR WITH GROUNDING LUG-9CP MALE 

Conduit systems have the advantage of offering greater mechanical protection to enclosed conductors, but they can easily lose this advantage through corrosion if not properly maintained. A conduit system which corrodes on the inside can provide false security although tlie outside appears completely sound, the system may not contain an internal explosion. Extremely rapid corrosion will occur in salt-air environments for most conduit systems of ferrous materials. In offshore environments. 

A box or fitting must be installed at each conductor sphce connection point, receptacle, switch, junction point, or pull point for the connection of conduit system. In Division 1 areas only explosion-proof boxes or fittings are allowed. General purpose gasketed cover type fittings are allowed in Division 2 areas. 

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One of the first portable instruments for CE coupled to ECD was developed in 1998 by Kappes and Hauser [185]. The instrument included a 30-W HVPS module capable of providing 30 kV DC, a signal amplifier and an ADC. Potentiometric detection was carried out using a coated-wire-ion-selective electrode. The system was powered by two 12 V lead-acid batteries and was contained in a PVC case 340 x 175 x 175 mm (Ixwxh) size with a total... 

The dielectric materials interact with the electrical fields and alter the characteristics of the electrical field. In some cases this is desirable and in others it is deleterious to the operation of the system and must be minimized. This is done by both the selection of the material and the configuration of the dielectric. To see how these concepts are applied, an example is presented of one of the major applications of plastics materials, i.e., to insulate wires, and show how a dielectric is designed to meet the service requirements. The specific requirements on a standard wire are ... 

Resistance to physical shocks and vibration required careful attention to selection of rugged components and to securing electrical and vacuum systems, wiring, connectors, components, and boards. Chemical ionization (Cl) was used for the first time in a fieldable military detector because of the advent of rugged turbomolecular pumps capable of handling the gas load from the Cl reagent. 

Dialysis units provided highly efficient means for increasing selectivity in a dynamic system by placement in front of a lithium-selective electrode constructed by incorporating 14-crown-4 ether 3-dodecyl-3 -methyl-1,5,8,12-tetraoxacyclotetradecane into a PVC membrane that was in turn positioned in a microconduit circuit by deposition on platinum, silver or copper wires. The circuit was used to analyse undiluted blood serum samples by flow injection analysis with the aid of an on-line coupled dialysis membrane. For this purpose, a volume of 200 pL of sample was injected into a de-ionized water carrier (donor) stream and a 7 mM tetraborate buffer of pH 9.2 was... 

The predictive power of the luminescent PET sensor principle is again apparent here. Further, the benzocrown ether and the amine receptors would selectively bind Na" and H, respectively. A remarkable feature here is that no molecular wiring is needed to allow the human operation of this two-input molecular device. The device self-selects its own ion inputs into the appropriate signal channels by means of the chemoselective receptor modules. Since the output signal is fluorescence, even a single molecule can interface with detectors in the human domain, including the dark-adapted eye. Tanaka s 45 is another example where fluorescence quenching is achieved only when Ba and SCN are present. This was mentioned in Section 6. Similarly, several sensor systems—1,17, and 21—could be employed... 

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