Wire breaks

Thermocouples and wire leads require constant maintenance due to wire breaks and malfunctioning thermocouples. In most cases, the root cause of the problem is easy to determine. When a thermocouple loses continuity the instrument panel typically reports either an open circuit or a very negative temperature. A more difficult but also common problem occurs when the control thermocouple is not located close to the heating element on the control system. In this case, it is possible for the thermocouple to be influenced by another heated control zone while allowing its control zone to operate at temperatures that can be either very hot or very cold. Such cold conditions can cause the polymer to solidify in the transfer line while a hot condition can cause the resin to degrade. During the installation and startup of new equipment, it is important that the thermocouples are matched with the proper controller and control zone. 

A bulb burns out when the tiny filament wire breaks. When the filament breaks, it breaks the circuit. The electrons no longer... 

Bend each wire piece back and forth until the wire breaks into two pieces. Count the number of bends required to break the wire. Record these numbers. (The greater the number of bends, the more ductile is the metal.)... 

A separate chapter of standard EN 50039 is dedicated to cables in an intrinsically safe system. Special requirements for multicore cables with several intrinsically safe circuits are listed as well as the faults to be assumed between intrinsically safe circuits (wire breaks and short-circuits) if these requirements are not met. In the meantime, these requirements form a part of standards EN 60079-14 and IEC 60079-14 respectively (see Section 6.9.5). 

Wire break on control system interface to equipment... 

During operation, a wire breaks in section 1. As a result, all of the wires in that row are shorted and ineffective, but the others function normally. Calculate the collection efficiency under these conditions. Assume the gas stream leaving section 1 is uniformly redistributed on entering section 2, i.e., each of the four rows is fed the same volume of gas. 

The material removal rate and the machining over-cut increase with the machining voltage [100,105] and electrolyte concentration [105,133], which also increases the probability of wire breaking [105]. Polarising the wire as a cathode generally results in higher material removal rates than for a wire polarised as an anode. 

Internal wires are held in place independently of the connection, to meet the single-fault requirement, by wire ties or similar methods. Make the second fixing as close to the initial connection point as possible so that if the wire breaks or comes loose, it will not make contact with metal or live parts. It is assumed that two independent fixings will not come loose. 

Wire breaks Each broken wire reduces the strength of the wire rope (see EN 12927-6 or ANSI B 77.1-2011/ANSI M 11.1 for more details). The number of broken wires... 

The magnetic inductive inspection is usually performed at least once a year and represents a state report of the rope with reference to its expected service life, as the rope slowly fatigues due to the bending cycles during operation and single wires break. Local accumulation of broken wires can make it necessary to remove the rope. 

Due to the system, only external damages can be discovered during visual inspection. However it is possible to detect already minor changes in time before they result in a wire break. If for example any signs of wear occur due to abrasion of the rope on the shcdt wall or beams, it will be possible to solve the problem after root-cause finding and to avoid further damaging afterwards. 

Meticulous search for individual wire breaks and other minor defects of the surface can hardly be fulfilled with ropes in mine shaft transportation systems. Generous lubrication and dust particles sticking therein prevent complete analysis of the wire structure. The accuracy of... 

Prestiessed concrete, aggregates 0/32 mm Moesa bridge Rove-redo CH Wire breaks Pure Technologies Ltd. Various 1-20 kHz >20 (Flicker and Vogel 2006)... 

Fig. 16.2. Recorded signals from a prestressed concrete bridge dne to different canses, from Fricker and Vogel [2006]. a) wire break, b) drilling c) chipping...

Fig. 16.3. AE equipment for the detection of wire breaks, from (Flicker and Vogel...

Unbonded Wire breaks Open tests 8 <0.2 m Tozer and... 

Poorly grouted tendons in concrete, aggregates Wire breaks, o Blind tests Pure Technologies 2 longitudinal 16-20 cm. Pricker and Vogel... 

Size of Inclusions at the Time of Occurrence of Wire Breaks. 252... 

The wire breaks and internal defects that occur during the drawing of superfine wires were analyzed. The cause of defects in the wire has been treated from both plastody-namic and metallurgical points of view. Wire breakage during the drawing process of fine wires are often induced by inclusions in the wire material. It was clarified, by finite... 

However, a number of problems exist in the drawing of fine wires, such as the occurrence of wire breaks due to the presence of inclusions during the drawing process, leading to low productivity and high production cost. 

The most important problem is, reportedly, wire breakage due to inclusions (see Fig. 6). For example, Raskin (1997) reported, based on his survey of 673 wire breaks, that 52% of the breaks are attributable to inclusions, as shown in Fig. 7. 

One report shows the relationship between the occurrence of wire breaks and DJDo (the ratio of mean diameter of inclusion to wire diameter) of samples (see Fig. 12) (Arashida et al., 1994). The results show that in the drawing of wires with a diameter of 50 xm or larger, the frequency of wire breakage increases when inclusions with DJDo of 0.6 or higher are included. However, in the drawing of fine wires with a diameter of 20 p,m or less, wire breakage easily occurs even when D J Do is as small as 0.4. In addition, there seems to be no relationship between the inclusion material and the ease with which wire breakage occurs. 

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