Wicking rate tests

Trends in room temperature reseal pressure data mirrors trends in bubble point pressure data. All reseal pressures collected here are about 90% of the corresponding bubble point values. Operationally, this implies that only a ->10% reduction in differential pressure across the screen is required to reseal the screen and prolong the point of total LAD failure to yield a higher overall expulsion efficiency. Wicking rate test results performed in IPA align nicely with historical trends as coarser meshes outperform finer meshes. 

Wicking rate tests should be performed in more cryogenic fluids. 

Spot test Wicking test 5 min 10 min 1 cm Wicking rate 2 cm 3 cm... 

One-dimensional liquid wicking rate (wicking strip test)... 

The liquid wicking rate may be measured in terms of the linear rate of advance of the liquid in a strip of nonwoven fabric in strip test. In vertical strip test, the nonwoven fabric is first conditioned at 20°C and 65% RH for 24 h. A strip of the test fabric is suspended vertically with its lower end immersed in a reservoir of distilled water (or other liquid). After a fixed time has elapsed, the height reached by the water in the fabric above the water level in the reservoir is measured. Both the wicking rate and the ultimate height that the water reached are taken as direct indications of the wickability of the test fabric. Liquid wicking in both MD and CD of the nonwoven fabric are tested to obtain the anisotropic liquid wicking properties. 

There are some differences in these test procedures. The BS 3424-18 (Method 21) specifies a very long test period (24 h) and is intended for coated fabrics with very slow wicking rates. In contrast, ISO 9073-6 2000 and NWSP OlO.l.RO (15) specifies a much shorter test time (maximum 5 min) and applies to fabrics that exhibit rapid wicking. 

The horizontal wicking strip test and downward wicking vertical strip test were also reported to obtain wicking rate and capillary pressure. These methods can be connected with a computerised image analyser to obtain dynamic wicking properties, or it can be modified to integrate with an electronic balance to monitor the mass of liquid the fabric absorbed. 

Some of the tests and criterion used to define fire resistance may be found in the Hterature (9). Additionally, the compression—ignition and hot manifold tests as defined in MIL-H-19457 and MIL-H-5606, respectively the Wick test as defined by Federal Standards 791, Method 352 flash point and fire point as defined in ASTM D92 autoignition temperature as defined in ASTM D2155 and linear flame propagation rate are defined in ASTM D5306 are used. 

A 4.9 g sample of the liquid siloxane in a glass dish was put into a bomb calorimeter (on an open bench) containing 5 ml of sodium hydroxide solution to absorb combustion gases. The electric igniter system consisted of a metal wire in contact with a cotton-wool wick which dipped into the siloxane sample. The bomb was sealed, pressured up to 39-44 bar with oxygen, and the igniter was fired. A violent explosion blew the lid off the bomb (rated at 190 bar working, 250 bar test), and examination of the deformed bomb indicated that a maximum detonation pressure of around 900 bar had been attained. 

Wick Char The weight of deposit which forms on a wick after burning kerosene or lamp oil under specified test conditions. It is a rating of burning quality. 

Fig. 13. Relationship between the normalized apparent dissolution rate of HT materials, r(glaxs)l1(lnn and their free energy of hydration, ACh>lir. calculated for the pH values measured after one day and 10 days of corrosion. For comparison, the literature-extracted results (Plodinec and Wicks 1994) obtained for 115 glasses of different origins corroded under the conditions of the MCC-I test are reproduced. For simplicity, data obtained after three days of corrosion are not shown their linear fit lies between the ones of the one-day and the 10-day corrosion experiments.

Lamp burning a test of burning oils in which the oil is burned in a standard lamp under specified conditions in order to observe the steadiness of the flame, the degree of encrustation of the wick, and the rate of consumption of the kerosene. 

Wicking, which is the measurement of the rate of capillary rise of the test liquid in a porous medium to determine the average pore radius, surface area and contact angle. 

With respect to chlorides (Cl ), the most widely used procedure is the chloride candle, a gauze wick in a flask of reagent water. The candles tire exposed for a fixed period of time, usually 30 days, then removed. After leaching the exposed gauze into the flask water, the total chlorides are determined analytically, and reported as chloride deposition per unit of exposed area per unit of time (mg/m /day). This method is described in ASTM G 140, Test Method for Determining Atmospheric Chloride Deposition Rate by Wet Candle Method. The other method more recently introduced uses a dry fabric panel, which is also exposed for a predetermined length of time, usually 30 days. Then the chlorides are washed out of the fabric and analyzed. Both procedures are currently described in ISO Standard 9225 however, the dry plate method has been found to produce inconsistent results, and probably will be dropped from the ISO document at its next revision. 

Changes in the water transport rate of treated PET fabrics have been measured by a vertical wicking test in which the rising height of water in a strip of fabric is determined [3, 33, 77], Measurements of the dissipation of a drop of water on fabric [ 11, 38,62], liquid retention capacity (the ratio of the amount of liquid to the dry fabric quantity), and moisture regain (the amount of water a dry fiber absorbs from the air at a defined relative humidity) [43, 44, 51, 60] also aim to determine changes in the water absorption behavior of treated PET fabrics. Incomplete removal of enzymes adsorbed to the PET surface can, however, easily lead to incorrect results obtained using these methods [11, 23, 102]. 

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