Vertical wicking

Types and Features.—Boilers may be classed as horizontal (Heine, loc6-motive) or vertical (Wickes, Manning) fire-tube (horizontal-tubular. Manning, locomotive) or water-tube (Babcock Wilcox, Wickes, Stirling, Heine) exter-... 

Figure 5 Vertical wicking heights of control sample and nonwoven biics Vertical wicking...

Changes in the water transport rate of treated PET fabrics have been measured by a vertical wicking test in which the rising height of water in a strip of fabric is determined [3, 33, 77], Measurements of the dissipation of a drop of water on fabric [ 11, 38,62], liquid retention capacity (the ratio of the amount of liquid to the dry fabric quantity), and moisture regain (the amount of water a dry fiber absorbs from the air at a defined relative humidity) [43, 44, 51, 60] also aim to determine changes in the water absorption behavior of treated PET fabrics. Incomplete removal of enzymes adsorbed to the PET surface can, however, easily lead to incorrect results obtained using these methods [11, 23, 102]. 

Washburn equation is the only available equation till the date which directly provides the wicking height through a capillary channel for specified time t. This equation suits for the horizontal flow, where gravity effect is not present but the limitation in case of vertical wicking of this equation is that it is only valid for very low values of t and not for the... 

For all these samples the vertical wicking profile (from initial to equilibrium wicking) has been measured experimentally and also has been predicted from the theoretical model. It can be seen from Figures 10.17. and 10.18. that the developed model can predict the vertical wicking through yam at any point of time with reasonable accuracy. 

Figure 10.16. Comparison of maximum wicking height obtained from the vertical wicking test and the theoretical model [Source Reference 63].

The CPA or "Snake Pen" consists of a pen body containing a porous wick, such as that used in felt pens, and a solution ofDMSO and any number of toxins. When the wick is touched to the victim s skin he receives a fatal dose of poison. The CPA is built from a correction fluid pen, available at any office supply store. These pens have a soft, flexible body and are easy to modify. Unscrew the top from the son pen body, squeeze out the correction fluid and flush the interior with solvent to remove all traces of its original contents. Note that most of these pens have a left-hand thread on the body. The tip of the pen is sawed off and the valve stem carefully removed. Ream out the pen tip to fit the wick. A felt tip marker pen works well as a wick, after being soaked and rinsed in sol vent to remove traces of ink. It may be necessary to trim the wick to fit. Press the wick into the pen tip until about 3/8 " protrudes and seal around it with silicone sealer. When the sealant is dry, put on rubber gloves and, using a hypodermic syringes, inject the DMSO solution into the pen barrel until it is about 3/ 4 full. Be sure not to squeeze the pen while accomplishing this. Coat the barrel threads with a little silicone sealer, screw on the cap and allow the pen to dry in a vertical position. Line the inside of the cap... 

Fiber blending is a very common method of reducing the flammability of flammable fibers. Polyester is usually blended with cotton and this polycotton, if has lower than 50% polyester content can pass the simple vertical strip flammability test. With higher polyester content, sometimes the blended fiber is more flammable than the individual components. This is called wicking effect where the cotton acts like a wick, holding the polyester component together, which bums. Cotton-nylon blend are also quite commonly used to reduce flammability of cotton. 

For example, suppose you wish to determine the wet-bulb temperature of air at 30°C (dry bulb) with a relative humidity of 30%. Locate the point on Figure 8.4-1 at the intersection of the vertical line corresponding to T = 30°C and the curve corresponding to h, = 30%. The diagonal line through the point is the constant wet-bulb temperature line for air at the given condition. Follow that line upward to the left until you reach the saturation curve. The temperature value you read on the curve (or vertically down from it on the abscissa) is the wet-bulb temperature of the air. You should get a value of 18°C. This means that if you wrap a wet wick around a thermometer bulb and blow air with T = 30°C and h, = 30% past the bulb, the thermometer reading will drop and eventually stabilize at 18 C. 

Fig. 8.6, Apparatus for gel slab electrophoresis, a) Assembly of the cell. Two glass plates (P), 400 x 200 x 4 mm are kept at a suitable distance by two Perspex strips (S), 400 X 15 x 2 or 3 or 4 mm. The assembly is made leakproof with grease and kept together with 6 steel clips (C). It is pushed vertically into a trough (T) filled with plasticine, to close the lower end. It is filled with acrylamide solution to 3 cm from the top and a Perspex slot former (F) is introduced to 1 cm below the liquid level, b) Electrophoresis (transverse section). The lower end of the gel slab is in direct contact with the buffer of the lower reservoir, which contains the anode (A), a platinum wire about 20 cm long. The top of the gel is covered by about 2 cm of buffer, and forms electrical contact with the upper reservoir containing the cathode (K) through a paper wick (W) soaked with buffer.

The drainage equivalency of wicks and sand drains is often computed by equating void volumes or perimeters. If void volumes are used, assuming 85% for wicks and 30% for sand, a wick is shown to be equivalent of about a 2-to 3-inch diameter sand drain (depending upon whatever efficiency factor may seem appropriate). Based on experience, however, several wick manufacturer s literature states, Each wick drain can provide a greater vertical discharge capacity than a 6-inch-diameter sand drain (quote courtesy of U.S. Wickdrain, Inc). 

Disturbance and remolding occurs to some extent both with sand drains and wicks. It is probable that the coefficient of consolidation in the remolded zones is somewhere between the vertical and horizontal values. This will result in actual consolidation times greater than those gotten from computations using Ch. 

Wicking (1949) (1) vt. Cord, loosely woven or braided tape, or tubing to be cut into wicks. (2) Dispersing or spreading of moisture or liquid through a given area, vertically or horizontally capillary action in material. 

Fig. 8.3 An illustration of SPIRE s effect on (TNS) versus the number of approximately equal-size partitions of three industrial microprocessor design blocks generated by the hMETlS paititioner [2], a azureOS b azure09 c azurelO. The horizontal axis indicates the number of partitions k. The vertical bars extend to -P/— one standard deviation from the mean value of S. The wicks of candlesticks extend from the min to the max value of 5. The baseline indicates the value of S without changes to the circuit...

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