Wentworth process

Wentworth process Weston cell Wet air oxidation Wet ball mill Wet-end additives Wet etching Wetfastness Wet grinding... 

Wentworth process, for ethanol separation from water, 8 834-835 Wenzel s equation, 22 111-112 Wenzel contact angle, 22 111 Werner nomenclature scheme, 17 391-392 Werner-Pfleiderer (WP) Compounder, 22 44 Werner-type inclusion compounds, 14 171-172... 

The synthesis gas, after the customary shift conversion and purification, is delivered at synthesis gas specifications to the compressors for the methanol synthesis loop. This operates as a series of catalytic converters, which have advantages over the systems used conventionally both as to the fiow arrangement and catalyst used in the Wentworth process. Sulfur is removed in the elemental form but the crude methyl fuel retains the higher alcohols and other impurities produced in small amounts (2-3%). They contribute to its value as a fuel. 

Phosphoric acid is used as a pH adjuster in cosmetics and skin-care products. Phosphoric acid is used as a chemical oxidizing agent for activated carbon production, as used in the Wentworth Process. 

Mathematical models of the electron-capture process are based on the stirred reactor model of Lovelock [145] and the kinetic model of Wentworth [117,142,146] as further modified by others [129,134-136,147-150]. The ionization ch2uaber is considered... 

On chemical grounds, Williams and Wentworth (3) proposed that the reduction of N2 to NH3 at a transition metal site involving Mo could equally well occur at a site containing V. However, in the context of biological nitrogen fixation, the unequivocal demonstration that V could participate in this process was a surprising development (4), as was the subsequent description in 1988 of a nitrogenase that contains Fe and appears to involve neither Mo nor V (5). 

With more than two variables the L terms are simply expanded to include more terms. For a two-parameter equation the size of the matrix remains 2. For a six-parameter equation with two variables, the size of the matrix is a symmetrical 6x6. Thus, only 27 sums need be calculated. The 6x6 square matrix is inverted and multiplied by the 1x6 matrix to obtain corrections in the six parameters. These are then adjusted and the process iterated to convergence. The iteration is controlled with a Visual Basic Macro. The rigorous inclusion of estimates for parameters from other experiments is easily incorporated into this procedure. The parameters and errors must be input. Next the program simply adds terms to the appropriate sums. For example, if the value of a has been determined to be ax with an uncertainty of sa, then the quantity 1 / (sa sa) is added to [a a ] and this quantity is multiplied by (aest —ax) and added to /-oa ] The adjustment is made as before, as are the parameters and uncertainties obtained. This has been demonstrated by Wentworth, Hirsch, and Chen [Chapt. 5, 37],... 

The treatment of least-squares fitting given here is superficial and nonrigorous. Albritton, et al., (1976) Marquardt (1963), Wentworth (1965) and Press, et al., (1996) discuss the least-squares process more completely. 

General models of the electron-capture process are based on the kinetic model of Wentworth and co-workers [254,293,295,298,313-315]. The ionization chamber is treated as a homogeneous reactor into which electrons are continuously introduced at a constant rate and electron-capturing solutes are added at a variable rate in a constant flow of carrier gas. The major consumption of electrons is via electron capture and recombination with positive ions. The model can be expanded to allow for the presence of electron-capturing contaminants and the formation of excited state negative ions. The kinetic model provides a reasonable explanation of the influence of pulse sampling conditions and temperature on the detector response, but exactly calculated solutions are rare. Again, this is because the necessary rate constants are usually unavailable, and the identity and relative concentration of all species present in the detector are uncertain. The principal reactions can be summarized as follows ... 

A methanol process intended exclusively to produce fuel methanol was also launched by Messrs. Wentworth Brothers, Inc., Cincinatti, in 1982 [3.34] it is based on experience gained with the high-pressure process which has become classical under the name Vulcan Cincinnati. Contrary to the rules of thermodynamics, the attempt to operate with low temperatures at the end of the reaction and thus under favourable equilibrium conditions was not always consequently made. As opposed to this one appears, at least in intermediate sections of reaction control, to aim at as high an end temperature as possible in order to be able to utilize the effective part of the reaction heat at the highest possible temperature level to generate high-pressure steam and probably also to improve the conversion of CO2. 

Wentworth, P., Jr., Datta, A., Smith, S., Marshall, A., Partridge, L. J and Blackburn, G. M. "Antibody Catalysis of Aryl Carbamate Ester Hydrolysis A Highly Disfavored Chemical Process." /. Am. Chem. Soc., 119,2315-2316(1997). 

The Allied Chemical—C.P.I. process, which was developed by T. O. Wentworth,is based on recycle of NH3 that is separated from the reactor effluent gases by scrubbing with monoethanolamine. The carbon dioxide is absorbed in the amine, and the gaseous ammonia is recycled to the reactor. (See Fig. 28.20.) The reactor effluent first is decomposed then the urea solution is removed and concentrated. A specially designed reactor... 

Two disasters in 2008 generated similar pressures on OSHA to kick its moribund rulemaking process into gear, but to less effect. On February 8, 2008, the Dixie Crystal sugar refinery in Port Wentworth, Ceorgia, exploded in a fireball... 

Gravert, D. J., A. Datta, P. Wentworth, and K. D. Janda, Soluble Supports Tailored for Organic Synthesis Parallel Polymer Synthesis via Sequentials Normal/Living Free Radical Processes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 9481-9495, 1998. 

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