Weight of Fiber

If the mass per unit length of fiber is 7C, the total mass of fiber covering the smlace is 

If each fiber supports its maximum tensile force Tj the minimum weight of fiber required to withstand the internal pressme P is simply related to the volume of the vessel Fby the following relationship 

For example, for an ellipsoid of revolution in which Z is the semi-axis of revolution, and K is the semiaxis at right angles to 2 F= (4/3) JcP Z, and 

In isotensoid design every fiber is at the same tension T and if t is at the same time the maximum stress the fiber is permitted to carry, this also becomes the minimum weight design. For this to be true, the inequalities must become equalities in which Tj = t. 

Any choice of , cos a, and , sin both functions of z which satisfy the equation, provides an isotensoid design of minimum mass M. 

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The Dilution Factor of the Dyebath. The amount of water in a dyebath may vary from 5—25 times the weight of fiber to be dyed, according to the capacity and type of equipment employed. The larger water-to-fiber ratio dilutes the emulsifier, thus reducing its effect. 

Sizing. Material used to. increase or improve the stiffness, strength, smoothness, or weight of fibers, yarns, fabrics, paper, leather, and the like. Examples are starch, oils, gums, waxes, polymers, and silicones. 

Fiber, areal weight The weight of fiber reinforcement per unit area (width X length) of tape or fabric. 

Jute and kenaf, like most vegetable fibers, contain a proportion of acetyl groups that are readily hydrolyzed by dilute alkali to acetic acid. Estimation of the quantity of acetic acid produced per unit weight of fiber then provides an index of the acetyl content. 

Fiber fineness is determined by compressing a standard weight of fiber into a known volume and measuring the rate of airflow through the compressed mass under standard conditions. The result is known as the Micronaire reading. Various instruments have been developed to measure the fineness of wool and cotton fibers. 

Moisture content can be expressed on a wet basis (kg moisture per kg of fiber plus moisture, or on a dry basis (kg moisture per kg dry weight of fiber). The dry basis will be used throughout this book. 

Areal weight Weight of fiber per unit area of prepreg. 

TABLE 5.24 Electrical Conductivity of Reinforced Plastics 40 Percent by Weight of Fiber... 

It is reported that a solution of stearic acid in ethyl alcohol (4% by weight of fiber) was used to treat sisal fiber and the results showed that stearic acid-treated sisal showed better compatibility between sisal fiber and matrix [34]. 

Commercial weight n. (1) In natural fibers, the dry weight of fibers or yarns plus the commercial moisture regain. (2) In manufactured fibers, the dry weight of staple spun yarns or filament yarns after scouring by prescribed methods, plush the commercial moisture regain. 

Distribution length n. In fibers, a graphic or tabular presentation of the proportion or percentage (by number or by weight) of fibers having different lengths. 

Finish should be applied before the tow enters the dryer or heat setter. Finish should be selected based on the planned downstream processing [5a]. Depending on the subsequent processing and finish types, application levels can range from 0.35% up to 0.8% of the weight of fiber [4]. 

Fineness or linear density. Fiber fineness affects thermal insulation and is expressed in terms of denier (weight of 9(X)0m of fiber in grams) (Li, 2001 Varshney et al., 2011). For a given weight of fiber, a smaller ratio of fiber surface to volume is available in the case of coarse fibers compared with fine fibers. As the fiber surface traps air, a given weight of coarse fiber wiU trap less air than a similar amount of fine fiber. Consequently, coarse fibers wiU generally provide less thermal insulation than fine fibers (Wu et al., 2008). 

Commercial Weight n (1) In natural fibers, the dry weight of fibers or yarns plus the commercial moisture... 

In the case of invertase, the amount of fixation is linearly proportional to the initial concentration. At the initial concentration of 200mg/dl, the adsorbed amount was as high as 800 mg/1 g of fiber. By adjusting salt concentration, adsorption that is higher than the equivalent weight of fiber is obtained. 

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