Fibers covering

One of several species of seaside grass, among which are the Lygeum Spar turn or hooded mat-weed of the Mediterranean and Anophilia Are-naria of Holland, The name Esparto is used for the fibers covering coconut shells. The dried weed may be nitrated to give an expl compd (see below)... 

Nitromatweed (Matweed Nitrate, Nitrosparte in Fr). Prepd by nitration of dried matweed with mixed nitric-sulfuric acids in a manner similar to the prepn of NC. Trench, Faure and MacKie (Ref 2), in 1876, patented expls containing as a base nitrosparte (or other nitrated cellulosic material such as cotton, hay, agave, hemp, flax, straw, aloe, yucca, etc) together with resin, ozokerite, collodion, glycerin, charcoal and soot. Hengst (Ref 3), in 1898, patented a smokeless powd containing nitrosparte prepd by nitration of fibers covering the coconut shell Refs 1) Merriam Webster s Diet, 2nd Ed (1963), ... 

The oxidation-resistant SiC fiber was prepared from polycarbosilane containing Zr(OC4H9)4 by the same process as that used for the aforementioned tita-nia/silica fiber, except that the calcination was performed in Ar atmosphere at 1400 °C. In this case, the polycarbosilane and Zr(OC4H9)4 were effectively converted into SiC-based bulk ceramic and zirconium oxide (cubic zirconia). Before the conversion, bleed-out of the zirconium compound proceeded effectively. AES depth analysis of the fiber surface showed an increase in the concentration of zirconium towards the surface. This construction was confirmed by the TEM image of the cross-section near the fiber surface. This indicates the direct production of a SiC-based fiber covered with a Zr02 surface layer, which... 

The same inventor proposed a propellant prepd by nitration of esparato grass (matweed) or of fibers covering coconut shells Ref Daniel (1902), 373... 

The avidin-biotin interaction has also been used to immobilize antibodies and proteins, especially in commercial systems based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements (e.g., the BIAcore). The extraordinary affinity (Kl 10-15 M) of avidin (or its bacterial relative, streptavidin) for the vitamin biotin is the basis of this immobilization procedure. A solid support (e.g., glass beads, sensor chip, optical fiber) covered with avidin can be used as an activated carrier for a very sturdy immobilization of previously biotinylated antibodies. In spite of the many methods for biotinylating proteins described in the literature, the use of biotinyl N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (BNHS) and similar derivatives, remains the most useful [65]. 

Melliand Textilberichte (45) covers the entire textile industry it carries fundamental and applied research, economic figures, and literature abstracts. This journal also offers its abstracts in a separate service printed on one side of a sheet to permit individual indexing of each abstract. Reyon Zellwolle (48) is similar but devoted to man-made fibers. Covering the same field is a new journal, Faserforschung und Textiltechnik (48). 

FIG. 6. Scanning electron micrograph of muscle fiber covered with a layer of crystalline sucrose (arrows). Starch cell fragments labeled C are also shown. Source Chang et aL (1991). Reproduced with kind permission from Elsevier Science Ltd. 

Vlaterials scope All fibers covered by one standard Fiber specific, several versions needed ISO. EN General. ASTM. JIS. CRAG EN Aerospace... 

An interesting feature of this study is the measurement of the acetyl content for other fibers covering a wide range of hemicellulose and lignin contents. The authors conclude that the acetyl content shows a steady increase with increase in hemicellulose content, as the latter ranges from about 4 to 26%, but the correlation with varying lignin content is not marked. 

The production of flexible supercapacitors using electroactive fibers obtained by electrospinning, that is, PVP fibers covered with PEDOT by vapor-phase potymerization, was reported. The conductive mats presented elevated electrical conductivity and were separated by a layer of polyaciylonitrile (PAN) in order to assemble an all-flexible capacitor device. 

Figure 12.44 (a) Raman spectra of a graphite fiber, (b) Same fiber covered with Ag island films 5.1 nm thickness, (c) of 10.6 nm thickness. Source Reprinted from Ishitani A, Ishida H, Katagiri G, Tomita S, New techniques for the characterization of surfaces and interfaces of carbon fibers, Ishida H, Koenig JL eds., North-Holland, New York, 195,1986. 

The term natural fibers covers a broad range of vegetable, animal, and mineral fibers. However, in the composites industry, it usually refers to wood fiber and plant-based bast, leaf seed, and stem fibers. These fibers often contribute greatly to the structural performance of the plant and, when used in plastic composites, can provide significant reinforcement. Below is a brief introduction to some of the natural fibers used in plastics. More detailed information can be found elsewhere [1-4]. 

Capsule (1) A protective structure outside the cell wall, secreted by the organism. (2) A network of connective fibers covering organs such as the lymph nodes. 

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