WAXD profiles

Fig. 2 WAXD profiles (a) and the distance distribution functions P(R) (b) of PET as a function of annealing time at 115 °C. M.Q. Melt-quenched sample [6]...

Fig. 7 a Two-dimensional WAXD patterns of POSS-containing nanohybrid polyurethanes at stretching ratio of (A) 0 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 300, and (E) 400%. The exposure time of each pattern was 1 min. b WAXD profiles of POSS-containing nanohybrid polyurethanes along the equatorial direction at different strains. The asterisk symbol indicates the strain-induced crystallization of the soft segments [82]... 

Figure 1. WAXD profiles for a series of the sulfonic acid membranes under dry state. The measured profiles are shown by dots, while Curves b-d are the decomposed profiles by the least squares method, and the Curve a is reconstructed from...

Figure 2. Temperature dependence of the WAXD profiles for the sulfonic acid membranes having 1500 EW.

Figure 5. WAXD profiles for various perfluorinated ionomer membranes having...

In Fig. 6.15 the WAXD profiles of two ternary blends containing 60% of iPP are reported. The X-ray diffusion due to the amorphous phase increased with the increase in the HOCP fraction in the blend. The crystalline index of the blend, cub, decreased with the increase in the HOCP fraction (Table 6.17). The diffractograms of the blends... 

In Fig. 6.16, the WAXD profiles of blends containing different amounts of PB-1 (and a constant fraction of iPP) show different diffraction intensities relative to the crystalline forms I and II. The contribution to the total crystallinity of the blend, a b. of the three different crystalline phases (a-form of iPP, forms T and II of PB-1) possibly present in the ternary blends were calculated by the following equations ... 

Figure 6.15 WAXD profiles of iPP/PB-l/HOCP blends (a) 60/20/20 (b) 60/10/30. (From Reference 8 with permission from John Wiley Son, Inc.)...

Figure 15(b) shows the wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) profiles of as-spun P(3HB) nanofiber mats spun from 1 wt.% solution. In the profile before enzymatic degradation, diffraction peaks assigned to both a-form crystal with 2/1 helix conformation and p-form with planar zigzag conformation were observed at 2 = 19.6°. 

Fig. 11 a Scanning electron microscopy images, b WAXD profiles before and after partial enzymatic degradation, and c transmission electron microscopy image and electron diffraction pattern (inset) of P(3HB) nanofiber. (Reprinted with permission from Ishii et al. 2007. Copyright 2007, Elsevier B.V.)... 

WAXD profiles of C15A after the dispersion in toluene (a) and C15A/MAO obtained after the organoclay pretreatment with MAO for 90 min (b). (Adapted from Leone, G. et al., /. Polym. Sci., Part A Polym. Chem., 46,5390,2008.)... 

Figure 14.7 (a) WAXD profiles taken during in-situ polymerization of the monomer/C25A mixture at 125°C. It can be observed that the disappearance and appearance of reflections associated to the monomer and polymer structures, respectively, and the evolution of the (1 0 0) reflection of the NaCi structure. Sodium chloride was produced during polymerization according to Eq. (14.2). 

PFA-Cg and PFMA-Cg were prepared by the previously reported procedure [8,23], The chemical structures of PFA-C, and FFMA-C, are shown in Scheme 19.1. Figure 19.1 shows the powder WAXD profiles of PFMA-Cy. The scattering vector (q) was defined as (4 t/X)sin0. The PFMA-C, with y < 6 showed no sharp peak. For... 

FIGURE 19.1 Powder WAXD profiles of PFMA-Cj,. Reprinted with permission from Reference 23. 

From the powder WAXD and DSC measurements, it was revealed that PFMA-Cg forms crystalline structures. Therefore, it is expected that the mobility of the Rf groups in PFMA-Cg is very low and the water repellency is higher than that of the PFMA-Cj, with y < 6. However, the 0, of PFMA-Cg was close to that of the PFMA-Cy with y < 6 before annealing, and the 0, increased after annealing treatment (333 K for 6 hours). GI-WAXD profiles before and after annealing (at 333, 348, and 368 K for 6 hours) were compared to discuss the annealing treatment effect. GI-WAXD measurements were carried out at 300 K using a six-axis diffractometer... 

FIGURE 19.5 (a) In-plane and (b) out-of-plane Gl-WAXD profiles measured at surface region of PFMA-Cg thin films. PFMA-Cg films were annealed at 333, 348, and 358 K for 6 hours. The wavelength of incident X-ray was 0.100 nm. Reprinted with permission from Reference 23. 

Figure 5. Simultaneously collected (a) SAXS and (b) WAXD profiles ofsample S2...

Morales et al. [323] prepared bionanocomposites of PEA (derived from glycohc acid and 6-aminohexanoic add by in situ polymerization) reinforced with OMMTs. The most dispersed structure was obtained by addition of C25A organoclay. Evaluation of thermal stability and crystallization behavior of these samples showed significant differences between the neat polymer and its nanocomposite with C25A. Isothermal and nonisothermal calorimetric analyses of the polymerization reaction revealed that the kinetics was highly influenced by the presence of the silicate particles. Crystallization of the polymer was observed to occur when the process was isothermally conducted at temperatures lower than 145 °C. In this case, dynamic FTIR spectra and WAXD profiles obtained with synchrotron radiation were essential to study the polymerization kinetics. Clay particles seemed to reduce chain mobility and the Arrhenius preexponential factor. 

From H-NMR analysis, the crystallinity decreases and exhibits a minimum value around 60 °C, then increases as the temperature increases. These decrement and subsequent increment in crystallinity coincide with those of the reflection intensities observed for the variable-temperature WAXD profile. Heating produces maximum crystallinity at about 120 °C followed by the abmpt drops in crystallinity, which is attributed to the sample melting. These temperatures of the maximum crystallinity coincide well with the temperatures at which the lamellae appear in the TEM observations. These results indicate that the lamellar formation originates from melt recrystallization during annealing. 

Figure 6.8 (a) Schematic presentation of a wide-angle-diffraction diagram of an unoriented crystalline polymer. The radial intensity distribution is given in the first quadrant (b) WAXD profile of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) sample having a degree of... 

The glassy structure of [Ag(EtHex-en)2]N03in the soHd state was directly observed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) in the range of 20= 10-60 °. The WAXD was measured with a 0.8 kW generator of radiation (Panalytical X Pert Pro). The samples were placed on a horizontal cell in vacuo and measured by using a reflection method. The WAXD profiles for... 

Wide-angle X-ray diffractions (WAXD) were measured at 27 °C and -120 °C similarly to the methods for the Ag-ILs. The WAXD profiles for HexH(TFSA) and EtHexH(TFSA) at solid (- 120 °C) states are shown in Fig. 7. The profiles in the liquid states of both systems were close to that of EtHexH (TFSA) in the solid sate at -120 °C (Fig. 2 b)). On the other hand, HexH(TFSA) assumed an amorphous-based crystalline state at -120 °C (Fig. 2(a)). The more ordered structure for the Hex silver(I) complex than for the EtHex silver(I) complex in... 

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