Water solar-powered

Honda has built a solar-powered hydrogen station to refuel its FCX fuel cell fleet. Honda has also been testing a Home Energy Station that extracts hydrogen from natural gas, while generating electricity and hot water for home use. But, natural gas jumped from about 5/thousand cubic feet in 1999 to almost 12 in 2006. 

Water sources could be another problem for hydrogen production, particularly in sunny regions that are well-suited for solar power. A study by the World Resources Institute in Washington, D.C. estimated that obtaining adequate hydrogen with electrolysis would require more than 4 trillion gallons of water yearly. This is equal to the flow over Niagara Falls every 90 days. Water consumption in the U.S. could increase by about 10%. 

The US military has a need for extreme long-duration unmanned air vehicles (UAV), and a hydrogen-powered, fuel cell-driven electric aircraft is a leading candidate. Without an internal combustion (1C) or jet engine, a fuel-cell UAV would be very quiet. Furthermore, there is the potential to electrolyze effluent water (or airborne water vapor) using solar power, giving the UAV an almost unlimited flight duration. 

The production of hydrogen electrolytically, using clean solar power or other forms of renewable energy is essentially pollution-free. The feedstock, water, is composed of hydrogen and oxygem Hydrogen production or distribution would produce no CO. ... 

New technology Always consider solar power as a source of sustainable energy for small features such as garden lights and water pumps. 

AlMadani, H.M.N. 2003. Water desalination by solar powered electrodialysis process. Renew. Energ. 

The use of solar energy in chemical processing has also been investigated. Studies describe, for example, the cycloaddition reaction of a carbonyl compound to an olefin carried out in a solar furnace reactor (91) or oxidation of 4-chlorophenol in a solar-powered liber-optic cable reactor (92). The concept of using solar light for the synthesis of e-caprolactam was evaluated, and it was shown that the return on investment was better than for the conventional technology (93). Solar reactors can also be used advantageously in water treatment plants (94). 

Solar Thermal Collector A device designed to receive solar radiation and convert it into thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a frame, glazing and an absorber, together with the appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar thermal collector may be used immediately or stored for later use. Typical use is in solar hot water heating systems. Also, see Passive Solar and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). ... 

Solar Power Plants Power Generation Architecture Development Solar Water Space Heating... 

The Cu-CI thermochemical cycle has been under development for several years. The goal is to achieve a commercially viable method for producing hydrogen at a moderate temperature ( 550°C). This chemical process, if successfully developed, could be coupled with several types of heat sources, e.g. the supercritical water reactor, the Na-cooled fast reactor or a solar heat source such as the solar power tower with molten salt heat storage. The use of lower temperature processes is expected to place less demand on materials of constmction compared to higher ( 850°C) temperature processes. 

A successful garden represents a broad spectrum of chemical processes. Photosynthesis provides the route by which diverse chemical transformations use sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and inorganic chemical elements to produce life-sustaining organic molecules and oxygen (Equation 1). This solar-powered rearrangement of matter is the foundation of almost all ecosystems and is an important example of how chemistry applies to the study of life. 

Regenerative fuel cell (RFC)—Solar-powered electrolyzer separates water into H2 and oxygen (02) to produce heat, electricity, and water. The operation can be reversed, so the H2 is used as a fuel to generate more heat and electricity. 

Calculate the area of solar collection necessary to power a 300-kW lighter-than-air vehicle by means of photovoltaic cells (20% efficient), electrolyzing onboard water. Assume a 200-m-long dirigible (as an approximation, take its shape as cylindrical with a radius of 20 m). Could a hydrogen-lifted vehicle be solar powered but fly during darkness (Bockris)... 

An example of the automatic systems is Honda s solar-powered hydrogen production and fueling station in Torrance, CA. The station s operation starts with solar cells that use the sun s energy to produce electricity. The electricity then is used to extract hydrogen from water. A compressor pressurizes the extracted hydrogen, and it is stored in tanks at the station. The station also has back-up power to increase the hydrogen production capacity58. 

As is the case with wind energy, solar power has most traction in countries such as Germany, Spain, Cyprus and Japan, all of which offer incentives to improve the uptake of renewable energy sources as part of their implementation of a diversified energy policy. In Cyprus, more than 50 percent of hotels and 90 percent of homes have solar water heating.21 As Figure 10 illustrates, such policies enabled Japan to develop a healthy lead in this industry, producing nearly half of the PV cells manufactured. 

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