Water pollution cleaners

About 7% of petroleum is used to make chemicals. Biocatalysis offers a method to switch to a base of renewable materials for a sustainable future. By so doing, it will help moderate global warming its inherently cleaner chemistry will reduce air and water pollution. 

In this part, I also show you a familiar chemistry lab — the home — and tell you about cleaners, detergents, antiperspirants, cosmetics, hair-care products, and medicines. And I discuss some of the problems society faces due to the industrial nature of our world air and water pollution. I hope that you don t get lost in the smog ... 

In the chapters of this part, I show you some applications of chemistry. I cover the chemistry of carbon and show you how it applies to petroleum and the process of making gasoline. I show you how that very same petroleum can be used to make plastics and S5mthetic fibers. I zip you home to look at the chemistry behind cleaners and detergents, medicines, and cosmetics of all kinds. And I show you some problems that society, technology, and science have created — air and water pollution. 

The manufacture of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals generates in the order of 25-100 times more waste than product [52], Inorganic salts account for the bulk of the waste and are most often produced by neutralization of acidic or basic solutions [53]. Salts can pollute soil and ground water, lower the pH of atmospheric moisture and they may contribute to acid dew or acid rain [6]. For cleaner production, their minimization is essential and hence our concentration on new processes, such as the etherification (discussed in Sect. 2.6.3.1) and hydrogen transfer reduction (Sect. 2.6.3.2), that avoid salt formation and the use of salts. 

By 2010, Tier 2 standards should further reduce vehicle emissions by extending regulations to larger SUVs and passenger vans. The use of gasoline with a lower sulfur content will also reduce emissions and it also makes it easier to build cars that can achieve further reductions. These standards should allow new U.S. cars to be extremely free of air pollutants. But, the Clean Air Act does not cover vehicle C02 emissions. Many new cars are called near zero emissions by their manufacturers and may have tailpipe emissions cleaner than some urban air. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will have almost no emissions besides some water vapor and would be much cleaner. 

The air-stripping tower, illustrated in Figure E6.10.1, provides the air-water contact area, either through a porous medium that is unsaturated with water, through bubbles rising through the water or both. The polluted water comes in at the top (Co), and cleaner water comes out of the bottom of the stripping tower, while clean air comes in at the bottom, and air with trichloroethylene in it comes out the top of the tower. This... 

Modeling environmental systems Risk assessment Cleaner production Wastewater management Water management Land pollution Air pollution assessment and control Solid waste management... 

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