Water extraction resistance

Figure I. Water-extraction resistance test with treated boiling water using 25-mil samples at 125°C.

Some applications require materials which are continuously or intermittently in contact with aqueous systems. Therefore, it is desirable to evaluate resins in a simulated test to determine water-extraction resistance (3). A commonly used test is the so-called seven-day boiling water test. Samples of 25-mil thickness were treated with boiling water for four and seven days (water changed daily) and then exposed in a circulating air oven at 125 °C. The relative stabilities are shown in Figure 1. The data... 

In another invention, plasticizers are prepared from a mixture of acids (acrylic, maleic, and fumaric) and alcohols having 6 to 18 carbon atoms. Mono and diesters are obtained during manufacturing process. The composition of stock is controlled to obtain plasticizer which has good electrical insulation properties, water extraction resistance, and fogging resistance. ... 

High-MW hindered amine thermal stabiliser (HATS) formulations are designed for advanced extraction resistant long-term stabilisation, i.e. for use in extractive environments such as polyolefin pipes, fulfilling the stringent requirement of guaranteeing product lifetime of more than 50 years [565], These systems offer much better gas and hot water resistance than the low-MW phenolic antioxidant systems. Ethanox 330... 

The value of KA may depend primarily on kA or on k%, depending on whether m is very large or very small. For example, if acetic acid (C) is being extracted from x -hexane (A) by water (B), the distribution ratio m is very large and from Eq. (9) we see that KA kA. In this case the extraction rate is controlled by the -hexane phase resistance. Conversely, if the solute (e.g., benzoic acid) is much less soluble in the water than in the n-hexane, then Ka = kw/tri and the extraction rate is controlled by water phase resistance. 

Since the environmental history of the book would influence the results obtained from physical property measurements made on the paper, each book was preconditioned in a standard atmosphere (4) before any paper samples were removed. The following physical property measurements were made on the same pages throughout each of the control and dried books tensile breaking strength (5) tensile energy of absorption (6, 7) internal tear resistance (8) thickness (9) and hot-water extract-able acidity or alkalinity (10). 

Used for polyurethane, polypropylene, polyester and polyamide fibers where it provides gas fading resistance at low load levels. In addition, the molecular structure and the relatively high molecular weight results in a high extraction resistance in demanding applications like hot water conducting polypropylene pipes. 

The example given in Table 4.10 illustrates the outstanding oxidation resistance of a rapeseed oil-based environmentally acceptable hydraulic fluid, containing a non-water-extractable phenolic antioxidant [83]. A similar type of non-water-extractable phenolic antioxidant provided excellent oxidation stability, TOST life >10,000 h, in a food-grade hydraulic fluid based on white oil [84]. All additives and the white oil are cleared by the (US)FDA. 

Simulants used for extraction procedures for foodstuffs include distilled water and aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol, or rectified olive oil. Under the EC global migration proposals, extraction is limited to either 60 ppm or 10 mg/dm2, see EEC 90/ 128 plus amendments. Extraction resistance see ASTM F-34 and USPXXIII. 

Oral administration of hot water extracts of Chlorella vulgaris strain CK (CVE) augments the resistance against Listeria infection via development of cell-mediated immunity to Listeria. An increase in the number of y8 T cells at the early stage and that in the number of a(3 T cell, especially CD4+ T cells, at the late stage after infection was evident in CVE-administered mice. Early appearing y8 T cells may be important for the induction of subsequent cell-mediated immunity. 

To obtain the enzyme, the mass of coagulated ground muscle is first treated with absolute alcohol, and the pulverized product is treated with water. The liquid so obtained coagulates muscular plasma in a much shorter time than if the alcohol is not added. The myosinase, obtained by precipitation of this water extract, presents the characteristics of a deutero-proteose. This product does not act on blood plasma, but acts on muscle plasma, as well as on myosinogen. Myosinase is much more resistant to heat than thrombin, and the solution of the former can be maintained at 90° for fifteen, minutes without destruction. However, this solution, heated to 100 , becomes inactive. 

---