Tensile energy

Since the environmental history of the book would influence the results obtained from physical property measurements made on the paper, each book was preconditioned in a standard atmosphere (4) before any paper samples were removed. The following physical property measurements were made on the same pages throughout each of the control and dried books tensile breaking strength (5) tensile energy of absorption (6, 7) internal tear resistance (8) thickness (9) and hot-water extract-able acidity or alkalinity (10). 

Folding endurance under tension (10) is a favorite physical property for research on paper permanence and is the basis for the TAPPI method (16). Application of the mechanism involved in this test procedure, however, is unknown in practical uses for paper. Comparisons among product choices and estimates of their useful life should be based upon tests that assess physical properties of practical interest. Retention of reflective brightness, tear strength, tensile energy absorption, and... 

TAPPI Suggested Method T-494su-64, Tensile Energy Absorption of... 

Energy Zero- Tensile Energy Folding dation Temp. Index (SI)... 

Tear and tensile energy absorption usually increased, and these properties are important to the handling properties of paper. 

Iron ore samples, containing about 40% wt. Fe in the crystal phases haematite, pyrrhotite and pyrite were used as catalysts. In order to increase the ore catalyst activity they were treated in a tensile energy planetary activator mill (PAM) in the presence of water, as described elsewhere [7]. Such treatment results in the increase of catalysts... 

It was determined that the most radiation resistant sample in this study was EPDM-6, that kept 500 % MPa tensile energy at about 4 MGy and kept 100 %... 

Following the considerations of Murakami and Ohno [104], damage is introduced as a second rank tensor. For a case of an open crack (transverse stress is tensile), energy equivalence of cracked and homogenous damaged media imposes the following reduction of the elastic constants ... 

In this case, the paper machine manufactures flat sack kraft paper from a blend of virgin pine (long-fibre) kraft pulp with typical Kappa range of 55-65 and eucalyptus (short-fibre) neutral sulfite semi-chemical (NSSC) pulp. The most important properties for sack papers are stretch and tensile energy absorption (TEA) in both cross direction (CD) and machine direction (MD). The major problems with the quality of sack papers currently made on this machine were poor stretch and TEA profile in fhe cross direction as shown in... 

Tensile Energy, kN-cm Flexural Strength, mPA Izod Impact, J/cm (unnotched)... 

WT Tensile energy gf cm/cm Higher value of WT corresponds to higher extensibility. (Note This is not a general rule, as WT must be interpreted in conjunction with WT)... 

Not only the strength properties, tensile strength and strain to rupture can be determined in the tensile strength test (ISO 1924, 1992), but also the tensile energy absorption, TEA, which is especially important for bag paper. The TEA value represents the nonelastic portion of the deformation energy and thus that portion of dissipated energy which should be high in the case of bag paper. 

Subsequently, the specimens are removed from the oven and should be tested after 24 hours. The tests selected should relate to a property relevant to actual service application, and standardized test methods should be utilized in order to allow for comparisons. If a specific application has not been defined, it is recommended to utilize a slow (tensile strength) and a rapid (impact tensile strength) tensile loading or electric loading (dielectric strength), respectively. ISO 11403-3 [103] lists tensile strength and/or tensile energy absorption as criteria. 

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