Water consumption, domestic

A wide variety of federal regulations as well as state and local laws govern the supply of water to domestic and industrial premises. Within these are included the statutory undertakings for preventing waste, undue consumption, misuse and contamination of water supplied by the various authorities. 

Water and fish consumption Fish consumption Domestic water All other uses A11 categori es... 

Water consumption the consumption of domestic and process water has remained virtually constant during the year at 1 million and 20 million m3 respectively. Cooling water usage has however fallen from 86 million m3 in 1997 to 76 million m3 in 1998. Much of this reduction has been due to the closure of a boilerhouse (as part of a change from generated to purchased steam). 

Specific questions about motives for mineral water consumption revealed tap water substitution as by far the most significant factor (73%), followed by habit (42%), e.g. someone else in the household buys it anyway, and particular organoleptic properties (taste, bubbles etc.). Secondary motives were specific therapeutic features or health reasons, including the choice of mineral water instead of wine or other soft drinks. Thirteen per cent of households had installed a domestic water filter of some type (including systems which only reduce water hardness). 

The European study has generated data on daily water consumption throughout Europe. It appears that there are no significant differences in domestic water consumption per person between the tested countries. On average, water consumption amounts to about 2 litres per person per d. The daily water consumption per... 

Guarantee rate of residential water constunption Guarantee rate of industrial water consimiption Guarantee rate of agricultural water constunption Guarantee rate of bio-environmental water consumption Water consumption per unit of RMB 10,000 gross domestic product... 

Human activity and its associated impact cause important changes over natural water composition leading frequently to pollution of the natural water resources. The pollution risk involved makes necessary the establishment of different quality levels according to the various uses of water (human consumption, industrial and agricultural use, etc.). Different effluents can affect water quality. Domestic effluents usually have fairly uniform characteristics despite being of heterogeneous nature, whereas industrial effluents display a broader diversity due to both between-industry and within-industry variations. 

The shallow aquifer and fresh water lens in Raudatain can be used to supply fresh water for domestic consumption and can partly reduce pressure on desalination activity which is increasing the salinity at the coast in the Arabian Gulf This study projects the possibility of sustainable water resource development in the desert state of Kuwait. 

Requirement of domestic water heating is presented both in winter and in summer. Daily hot water consumption of the house depends on some parameters such as age, race, income, seasonal variation and number of people in the household. The energy required for domestic water heating depends on the volume, the design hot water temperature, and the temperature of the incoming city water. The typical 4 people single family household (two adults and two children) represents the best estimate of the mean consumption [12]. 

Table 5.4.6 shows the water footprint of selected countries for the period 1997-2001, and Table 5.4.7 shows the domestic water consumption for the example of Germany. Compared to the global average value of the water footprint of about 34001 per capita (pc) and day, the industrialized countries consume up to a factor of two more water, for example, about 68001 pc and day in the USA, whereas developing countries consume much less. If only the consumption of domestic water is considered, the difference is even higher, for example, more than 9001 pc and day in Australia compared to only 711 pc and day in China. 

Table 5.4.7 Domestic water consumption in industrialized countries (example Germany data from www.bdew.de, accessed 29.10.2012).

The potable water system is designed to furnish water for domestic use and human consumption. 

The gas reservoirs located ia very deep waters, ia coal beds, and ia tight sands are now more accessible. Fifteen percent of the U.S. gas supply ia 1992 was derived from tight sand formations and 1.4 x 10 of coal-bed methane was added to the proven reserves (22). In 1992, U.S. proven reserves were placed at 4.67 x 10 ia the lower 48 states, and it was estimated that the identified gas resource ia the United States and Canada exceeds 3.4 X 10. Based on the 1992 rate of natural gas consumption, the United States has between 8 and 10 years of proven reserves and a domestic... 

Table 8 summarizes domestic consumption by use for amyl alcohols. About 55% of the total 1-pentanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol production is used for zinc diamyldithiophosphate lubrication oil additives (150) as important corrosion inhibitors and antiwear additives. Amyl xanthate salts are useful as frothers in the flotation of metal ores because of their low water solubiUty and miscibility with phenoHcs and natural oils. Potassium amyl xanthate, a collector in flotation of copper, lead, and zinc ores, is no longer produced in the United States, but imports from Germany and Yugoslavia were 910 —1100 t in 1989 (150). 

ALLOCATION OF WATER TO AGRICULTURE. INDUSTRY, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION... 

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