Water calcium

Calcium Pyrophosphates. As is typical of the pyrophosphate salts of multiple-charged or heavy-metal ions, the calcium pyrophosphates are extremely insoluble ia water. Calcium pyrophosphate exists ia three polymorphic modifications, each of which is metastable at room temperature. These are formed progressively upon thermal dehydration of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate as shown below. Conversion temperatures indicated are those obtained from thermal analyses (22,23). The presence of impurities and actual processing conditions can change these values considerably, as is tme of commercial manufacture. [Pg.337]

The selection of boiler-water treatment is also dependent on the type of cooling water. When cooling water reaches the boiler, various compounds precipitate before others. For instance, seawater contains considerable magnesium chloride. When the magnesium precipitates as the hydroxide, hydrochloric acid remains. In some lake waters, calcium carbonate is a significant impurity. When it reaches the boiler, carbon dioxide is driven off in the... [Pg.362]

Tower water Calcium as CaCOs 450 ppm. Mg as CO3100 ppm, chloride 900 ppm, sulfate 150 ppm, total iron 1-2 ppm, M alkalinity as CaCOs 15, pH 6.5-7.5, conductivity 3500 pmhos, turbidity <20 NTU... [Pg.86]

Sodium carbonate is used in detergent formulas as a water softener, to lock up calcium and magnesium from the water. Calcium and magnesium would otherwise combine with the soap or detergents and form an insoluble scum that would stick to the clothes and the washing machine. [Pg.53]

C04-0146. The largest single use of sulfuric acid is for the production of phosphate fertilizers. The acid reacts with calcium phosphate in a 2 1 mole ratio to give calcium sulfate and calcium dihydrogen phosphate. The mixture is crushed and spread on fields, where the salts dissolve in rain water. (Calcium phosphate, commonly found in phosphate rock, is too insoluble to be a direct source of phosphate for plants.) (a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of sulfuric acid with calcium phosphate, (b) How many kilograms each of sulliiric acid and calcium phosphate are required to produce 50.0 kg of the calcium sulfate-dihydrogen phosphate mixture (c) How many moles of phosphate ion will this mixture provide ... [Pg.276]

Desiccators are used to store chemicals that react slowly with water. Calcium sulfate chips in the bottom of the desiccator absorb water vapor from the atmosphere. The blue chips contain an indicator that turns pink when the calcium sulfate is saturated with water. [Pg.1013]

Much building material has been derived from two monomineral sedimentary rocks gypsum (composed of hydrated calcium sulfate) and limestone, which consists of calcite (composed mostly of calcium carbonate). Freshwater and seawater contain dissolved calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. Most limestone and gypsum are formed when, as a consequence of the evaporation of water, calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate precipitate out of the water solutions as either gypsum or limestone. Limestone is also formed as a result of the activity of living organisms. Many sea- and freshwater animals, such as snails, clams, and corals, as well as some water plants, draw... [Pg.164]

Calcium oxide Carbon, activated Chlorates Water Calcium hypochlorite Ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, sulphur, finely-divided organics or combustibles... [Pg.165]

Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is maintained by feedback mechanisms, hormones, and many organ systems and is necessary for the body s normal physiologic functions. Disorders of sodium and water, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium homeostasis are addressed separately in this chapter. [Pg.894]

The system to be solved involves five unknown concentrations which, for sake of illustration, are made equal to the corresponding activities. An identical number of equations must be found that include component conservation plus a number of mass action laws corresponding to the formation of as many species as the excess of species over components. We first write the recipe, i.e., the mass balance for the components, not including the components of water. Calcium mass balance reads... [Pg.320]

Chemical drying of liquids often involves reaction, with or without heating, of a solid which will react selectively with water. Calcium or lithium aluminium hydrides are often used evolved hydrogen needs safe venting. For the lithal, careful stirring and temperature control is essential to prevent formation of extremely... [Pg.130]

In AAC technologies, water is exposed to an AAC material, and metals in the water are adsorbed by the material. AAC systems can be designed and built as stand-alone units or integrated to work efficiently in concert with complementary water treatment systems designed for hydrocarbon removal, pH control, particulate removal, or electrodialysis. AAC systems can tolerate hard water (calcium and magnesium) and high temperatures (up to 200°F) without a decrease in performance. [Pg.337]

Boiling point ot calcium chloride solution, C Soluhilltv e ncT II BoiHng point of 100 B o/water Calcium chloride luu g or water solution, °C SolubllItT, g per 100 g ot water... [Pg.196]

Figure 2. Solubilities of carbon dioxide in methanol-water-calcium chloride at 25°C...

Note that it is okay to heat softened or demineralized water to 160°F. You should not, however, do this with raw water. Calcium carbonate salts will plate out and foul the heat-exchanger tubes. [Pg.179]

Calcium Chloride Solutions. Because of high solubility in water, calcium chloride is used to obtain solutions having relatively high densities. [Pg.270]

Solubility of Salts.—The calcium salts of oxalic and tartaric acids are very sparingly soluble in cold water, calcium citrate is sparingly soluble in hot water. In some instances, as in the analysis of mixtures where an... [Pg.518]

Thus, there are three major scale components in sea water calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate. [Pg.35]

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