Water bubbles

Yoshitome et al. (Y2) examined mass transfer from single samples of benzoic acid suspended in an air-water bubble-column. Spherical, cylindrical, and disk-shaped samples of diameters from 25 to 75 mm were used,... 

A second problem in these studies concerns cavitation dynamics on the nanometer length scale [86]. If sufficiently energetic, the ultrafast laser excitation of a gold nanoparticle causes strong nonequilibrium heating of the particle lattice and of the water shell close to the particle surface. Above a threshold in the laser power, which defines the onset of homogeneous nucleation, nanoscale water bubbles develop around the particles, expand, and collapse again within the first nanosecond after excitation (Fig. 9). The size of the bubbles may be examined in this way. 

Serizawa, A., I. Kataoka, and I. Michiyoshi, 1975, Turbulence Structure of Air-Water Bubbly Flow— II, Local Properties, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 2 235 246. (3)... 

Our lungs use small air sacs, like balloons, to breathe.These air sacs are coated with water and a natural surfactant. Water has a high surface tension, so these tiny air sacs would collapse when we breathe out if they didn t have surfactant—just like water bubbles collapse without dish soap. And every new breath would take a lot of force, like blowing up a new balloon. 

With a soft paint brnsh gently remove water bubbles and foldings of the tissue. After mounting sections to the slides, allow to air-dry. 

There s another example of water-in-oil compartmentation, which can circumvent this problem water-in-oil emulsions. These can be prepared by adding to the oil a small amount of aqueous surfactant solution, with the formation of more or less spherical aggregates (water bubbles) having dimensions in the range of 20-100 p,m in diameter. These systems are generally not thermodynamically stable, and tend to de-nfix with time. However, they can be long-lived enough to permit the observation of chemical reactions and a kinetic study. 

A water-in-oil compartment system with water bubbles up to 50 (jim. 

Instead of vinegar, add salt to the distilled water. Bubbles will again appear at each terminal. If the concentration of salt is high enough, chlorine gas, CI2, is produced at the anode from the oxidation of chlorine... 

Mechanisms such as the brush light arc, the charged water bubble, afterglow phenomena, and diffusion combustion of small gas admixts in air have been suggested, and explain one or more features of the phenomenon but fail to explain others. High-frequency electrodeless discharges have some of its features. 

Figure 3.31 The effect of liquid flow on gas holdup for air-water bubble columns.

For chlorination of the humics at neutral pH, a solution of 11-13 g/L of chlorine at pH 7.5 was used. This solution was prepared by bubbling chlorine gas into a solution of 5.6 g of NaOH in 500 mL of water. Bubbling was continued until the solution was within the pH range 7.5 0.1. For chlorination of the humics at high pH, a solution of 17-20 g/L of chlorine at pH 11.8 was used. This solution was prepared by bubbling chlorine gas into a solution of 11.3 g of NaOH in 500 mL of water. Bubbling was continued until the solution was within the pH range 11.8 0.2. The concentration of chlorine was determined by the starch-iodine method. 

And being afraid I woke and considered, "Is this not the composition of the waters " I thought that I was right and fell asleep again. And I saw the same altar in the shape of a bowl and water bubbled at the top of it, and in it were many people endlessly. And there was no one whom I might question outside of the bowl. And I went up to the altar to view the spectacle. 

Pyrogallol-sodium phosphate solution Dissolve 10 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2P04 H2O) and 10 g of pyrogallol in 100 ml of double-distilled water, bubble with nitrogen to dissolve. Prepare daily and discard when brown coloration develops. Add 10 ml of this solution to the gas washing column. 

After the test pressure has been reached, a stabilization time of 10 minutes begins in order to saturate the water column, to distribute the water bubble-free over the entire membrane surface and to ensure complete compaction. 

Cavitation erosion. In certain conditions, a thin layer of liquid, nearly static at the metal-liquid interface can prevent impingement of the surface by the turbulent flow of the liquid. However, due to the turbulence of water, bubbles of air or gas of size larger... 

McLaren, A. C., Cbok, R. F., Hyde, S. T., Tobin, R. C. (1983). The mechanisms of the formation and growth of water bubbles and associated dislocation loops in synthetic quartz. Phys. Chem. Minerals, 9, 79-94. 

Herbine, G. S., and Perez-Bianco, H. (1995) Model of an Ammonia-Water Bubble Absorber, Proceedings of the 1995 ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Jan 29-Eeb 11995, Chicago, IL, USA, Vol. 101, ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp. 1324-1332. 

The individual stage pressures and corresponding water bubble-point temperatures from the steam tables are... 

In beaker A, water is heated, bubbles of gas form throughout the water, and the water level in the beaker slowly decreases. In beaker B, electrical energy is added to water, bubbles of gas appear on the ends of the wires in the water, and the water level in the beaker slowly decreases. 

Cavities form in the PUO2 particle during sintering in Ar-8% H2 at 1675°C for 8 h owing to nucleation and growth of water bubbles at or in the PUO2 particles during H2 reduction. Water bubbles form because of their lower permeability in the oxide and vacancy flow (creep) from the matrix in response to excess water vapor pressure inside the bubble. ... 

Alternatively, damage to the outer layers (epicuticle) may be revealed by means Allwbrden reaction [20]. When wool fibres are immersed in chlorine or bromine water, bubbles or blisters known as Allworden sacs are formed on the surface. Damage to the fibre surface may show up by lessening the size of or eliminating altogether, the blisters. This test is particularly useful when damage caused by alkali treatment is severe. 

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