Water bioconcentration factor

KqW is also used to estimate equilibrium fish-water bioconcentration factors KB, or BCF using a correlation similar to that of Mackay (1982)... 

The uptake of barium by fish and marine organisms is also an important removal mechanism (Bowen 1966 Schroeder 1970). Barium levels in sea water range from 2 to 63 mg/L with a mean concentration of about 13 pg/L (Bowen 1979). Barium was found to bioconcentrate in marine plants by a factor of 1,000 times the level present in the water. Bioconcentration factors in marine animals, plankton, and in brown algae of 100, 120, and 260, respectively, have been reported (Bowen 1966 Schroeder 1970). 

Estimates of bioconcentration factors, BCE, in aquatic organisms, based on calculations from water solubility and gave a log BCE of 1.80-2.89 (Kenaga 1980). Studies in outdoor ponds yielded log... 

Bioconcentration Factor (BCE)—The quotient of the concentration of a chemical in aquatic organisms at a specific time or during a discrete time period of exposure divided by the concentration in the surrounding water at the same time or during the same period. 

Endosulfan does not bioaccumulate to high concentrations in terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems. In aquatic ecosystems, residue levels in fish generally peak within 7 days to 2 weeks of continuous exposure to endosulfan. Maximum bioconcentration factors (BCFs) are usually less than 3,000, and residues are eliminated within 2 weeks of transfer to clean water (NRCC 1975). A maximum BCE of 600 was reported for a-endosulfan in mussel tissue (Ernst 1977). In a similar study, endosulfan, isomers not specified, had a measured BCE of 22.5 in mussel tissue (Roberts 1972). Tissue concentrations of a-endosulfan fell rapidly upon transfer of the organisms to fresh seawater for example, a depuration half-life of 34 hours (Ernst 1977). Higher BCFs were reported for whole-body and edible tissues of striped mullet (maximum BCF=2,755) after 28 days of exposure to endosulfan in seawater (Schimmel et al. 1977). However, tissue concentrations decreased to undetectable levels 48 hours after the organisms were transferred to uncontaminated seawater. Similarly, a BCE of 2,650 was obtained for zebra fish exposed to 0.3 pg/L of endosulfan for 21 days in a flow-through aquarium (Toledo and Jonsson 1992). It was noted that endosulfan depuration by fish was rapid, with approximately 81% total endosulfan eliminated within 120 hours when the fish were placed in a tank of water containing no endosulfan. 

BCF = bioconcentration factor, 270 L/kg for alpha-, beta-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate WCR = water consumption rate, set at 2 L/day... 

Biomagnification along aquatic food chains may be the consequence of bioconcentration as well as bioaccumulation. Aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates can absorb pollutants from ambient water bottom feeders can take up pollutants from sediments. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of a chemical absorbed directly from water is defined as... 

Veith GD, Macek KJ, Petrocelli SR, et al. 1980. An evaluation of using partition coefficients and water solubility to estimate bioconcentration factors for organic chemicals in fish. In Eaton JG, Parrish PR,... 

Niimi AJ, HB Lee, GP Kissoon (1989) Octanol/water partition coefficients and bioconcentration factors of chloronitrobenzenes in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri) Environ Toxicol Client 8 817-823. 

Bioconcentration Factor - Fish/Water (BCF). The partitioning of a chemical between water and fish is yet another expression of the hydrophobic nature of the chemical. The ratio of chemical in the fish to that in the water at equilibrium is defined as the bioconcentration factor. 

Bangor Naval Submarine Base, on the Hood Canal in the State of Washington, provides fine recreational facilities for service people stationed there, as well as for civilian employees. A proposal to divert runoff from munitions-contaminated areas towards the recreational fishing pond, Cattail Lake, led to a decision to identify hazard levels for the compounds of interest. In addition to trout, there was concern over contamination of bivalves, such as oysters, cockles, and clams, at the pond s outlet to Hood Canal. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs), assumed applicable for both fish and bivalves, were developed for three compounds (Table III). BCFs, together with Uj. values and worst-case levels of fish or bivalve consumption (0.4 kg/day) provided PPLVs for the pond water, according to the equation... 

Briggs GG (1981) Theoretical and experimental relationships between soil adsorption, octanol-water partition coefficients, water solubilities, bioconcentration factors, and the parachor. J Agric Food Chem 29 1050-1059... 

De Wolf, W, De Bruijn, J H M, Seinen W, Hermens JLM (1992) Influence of biotransformation on the relationship between bioconcentration factors and octanol water partition-coefficients. Environ Sci Technol 26(6) 1197-1201... 

There is a continuing effort to extend the long-established concept of quantitative-structure-activity-relationships (QSARs) to quantitative-structure-property relationships (QSPRs) to compute all relevant environmental physical-chemical properties (such as aqueous solubility, vapor pressure, octanol-water partition coefficient, Henry s law constant, bioconcentration factor (BCF), sorption coefficient and environmental reaction rate constants from molecular structure). 

Chiou, C. T. (1985) Partition coefficients of organic compounds in lipid-water systems and correlations with fish bioconcentration factors. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 57-62. 

Hawker, D. W. (1990a) Vapor pressures and Henry s law constants of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 1250-1253. Hawker, D. W. (1990b) Description of fish bioconcentration factors in terms of solvatochromic parameters. Chemosphere 20, 267-477. Hawker, D. W., Connell, D. W. (1988) Octanol-water partition coefficients of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 382-387. 

Isnard, R, Lambert, S. (1988) Estimating bioconcentration factors for octanol-water partition coefficient and aqueous solubility. 

---