Waste management safety aspects

Carbonate precipitation, in hazardous waste management, 25 821 Carbonates, 6 304-305 9 806 chemical properties, 6 306-310 economic aspects, 6 312 health and safety factors, 6 312 iron, 14 533... 

Justification for new method or ATP can be related to, for example, the reduction of cost analysis, limitation of interferences, improvement of safety and waste management compared with the approved method. The method must be presented according to the USEPA format. For ATP, an in-depth comparison between ATP and USEPA approved methods must be produced with a two-column method comparison, providing a detailed discussion of a number of specific aspects each in its own section. The method development information is published in the Federal Register after proposal by USEPA to approve the ATP or new method. Information can be a detailed background and summary of the method, a discussion of the development of QC acceptance criteria, a description and discussion of the interlaboratory validation study, others studies (for instance of method limitations). The study plan is submitted to USEPA for review and comment, prior to conducting all studies. Lastly, the... 

BIS/KRA] Bischoff, H., Kramer-Schnabel, U., Esser, V., Xi, R. H., Heppner, P. M., Marx, G., Determination of formation constants, solubilities, and ionic speciation of uranium, plutonium and thorium in aqueous and saturated salt solutions for modelling safety aspects of ILW repositories, Sci. Basis Nucl. Waste Management XV, vol. 257, pp.331-336, (1992). Cited on pages 172, 618. 

The waste management program at SNL is conducted under the auspices of the SNL Environment Safety, and Health Center, which delegates responsibilities for different aspects of waste management to several departments. The following sections describe the groups within the ES H Center that support or conduct waste management activities related to the HCF. 

So far as the Scope was concerned, some aspects were resolved at least for a preliminary draft, but not without considerable discussion. For example, it was agreed that the Convention should cover all materials whether liquid, gaseous or solid form, and that it should apply to the safety of wastes deliberately released to the environment as discharges as well as those disposed of into repositories. The scope would also cover all activities in the definition of radioactive waste management, namely handling, pretreatment, treatment, conditioning, storage and disposal. 

The Safety Fundamentals "The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management" presents nine principles covering ethical, administrative and technical aspects on RWM. It includes principles on the protection of man and the environment, now and in the future, within national borders as well as outside. It also addresses the need for having the appropriate facilities for RWM. 

Research laboratories vary widely with respect to facilities and support given to safety. Large laboratories may have several hundred chemists and an extensive network of co-workers, supervisors, safety officers, and hazardous-waste managers. They also, according to government regulations, have an extensive set of safety procedures and detailed practices for the storage and disposal of hazardous wastes. In small laboratories, the individual chemist may have to take care of aU these aspects of safety. Some laboratories may routinely deal with very hazardous materials and may mn aU reactions in hoods. Others may deal mainly with relatively innocuous compounds and have very limited hood fadHties. 

Effective radiation protection is a combination of good design, high quality construction and proper operation. Procedures that address the radiation protection aspects of operation are covered in the Safety Guide on Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste Management in the Operation of Nuclear Power Plants [3]. 

As of the early 1990s, annual worker fatalities ran about 9 per 100,000 employees annual lost-time disabling injuries ran about 4,000 per 100,000 employees (1). Property losses increased fourfold from the 1970s (2). The trends in fatalities and property losses can probably be ascribed to the increasing complexity and productivity of the highly automated chemical plants, where personnel are isolated from processes. Whereas exposure to health and safety hazards maybe reduced, the ability of experienced operating personnel to sense process problems and to correct these problems frequently is decreased. Another aspect of process management which has tended to increase hazards is the effort to reduce the formation of wastes and undesired by-products. This effort requires dose approach to temperature and pressure limits, at which points loss of control can be catastrophic (see Process control). Process and plant safety issues have been discussed (3—8). 

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