Waste generation, current

Note that the resulting figure will very often be negative (indicating that the total amount of waste generated has been reduced in the current year). Be sure to check-off the appropriate sign for the value where indicated on Form R. 

The facility would record 135,000 pounds as the current reporting year waste generation (WJ, and 225,000 pounds as the prior year s waste generation (W ). 

As a fuel, municipal solid waste (MSW) does not compare too favorably with more traditional solid fuels, such as coal. M.SW averages somewhere around 4500 Btu/lb, versus coal at 10,500-13,000 Btu/lb. Flowever, given the current U.S. population of 250 million and the annual generation of waste per person of fifteen hundred pounds, the potential energy content in the annual waste generated in the U.S. alone is comparable to nearly seventy million tons of coal and has the potential to generate over 13,000 MW of electrical power. As of a published report in 1993, 128 facilities were actually in operation, with an additional... 

Based on reactions they catalyze, enzymes can be broadly classified into six major categories (Table 1.1) [1], It was estimated that about 60% of biotransformations currently rely on the use of hydrolases, followed by 20% of oxidoreductases [2]. On the other hand, some of the C—C bond-forming and oxygenation enzymes catalyze reactions with very high reaction efficiency and very low waste generation, underlining the potential of emerging enzymes. 

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been demonstrated as a technique that has eliminated some of the tedious steps of current liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extraction procedures. SFE also offers cleaner extracts, less sample handling and equivalent or better recoveries to conventional technologies. As a technique, it is cost effective, time efficient and low in solvent waste generation. 

Although NARM is not a radioactive material defined in AEA, DOE is responsible for management and disposal of NARM waste generated by any of its authorized activities, based on the provision of AEA that all DOE activities must be protective of public health and safety (AEA, 1954). Current DOE policy specifies that NARM waste is to be managed as mixed waste under AEA and RCRA or TSCA (1976) if the waste is hazardous under either of the latter two laws (DOE, 1999c). Thus, all issues that arise in management and disposal of DOE s mixed low-level waste (see Section 4.3.3) also apply to DOE s mixed NARM waste. 

The total amount of waste generated in South Korea in 2003 was 300,000 ton day-1. Construction waste, a dominant waste-type in South Korea, has increased from 16% in 1966 to 49% of the total amount of the waste currently. Almost 90% of this waste is recycled and just 1.5% is incinerated. Thus, the proportion of solid waste that is incinerated (6%) is rather small, relative to other countries in Asia (Fig. 2.4). However, the proportion of municipal and industrial waste that contributes to 17% and 34% of the waste that is incinerated has increased continuously. In 1993, the ratio of municipal solid waste (MSW) that was incinerated in South... 

CMA has estimated the types and quantities of secondary wastes projected to be in storage at the end of operations for each of the five chemical agent disposal facilities included in this study (Table 1-3). These quantities include wastes generated during operations but exclude wastes for which an on-site or off-site disposal option is currently available and is being used. Table 1-3 also does not include closure wastes. Several of the smaller individual waste streams cited earlier are combined in this summary for reporting purposes. The total estimated secondary waste stream inventory at the end of operations based on current practices is... 

Many of these wastes are effectively disposed of during operations. However, current permit requirements and other process limitations have resulted in significant quantities of these wastes accumulating on-site. Hydrolysate from the neutralization of the VX stockpile at Newport, a unique liquid waste stream among the wastes generated at the active chemical agent disposal facility sites, has also accumulated on-site. Specific quantities, issues, and comparisons associated with each of the main waste streams generated at the active disposal facilities are detailed in the remainder of this chapter. 

Spent activated carbon is generated and is accumulating at each of the five chemical agent disposal facilities. It represents one of the largest secondary waste streams currently projected to remain in storage at the end of munitions destruction operations. 

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