Recycling targets

Analyses of developed countries e-waste management shows Japan to have perhaps the best-functioning system, in terms of scope and compliance levels. Korea, Canada, and Australia have well-advanced systems as well. Switzerland s system is seen as a model of comprehensive management, and the Swiss, Norway, Belgium, Sweden, and the Netherlands have all exceeded minimum EU e-waste directives collection and recycling targets. 

With increasing production volumes of chemicals predicted for the next 20 years [242], the economic advantages of the costly application of recovery, reuse and recycling may prove limited unless regulatory controls are put in place. Chemical bans are now being enforced to ensure that material recovery and recycling targets are technically and economically achievable [243, 244]. 

The EU directives may also motivate manufacturers to work toward the elimination of other substances, besides those banned under RoHS, in the products they make. For example, electronics manufacturers, because they are now required to take back their products and meet recycling targets set by the WEEE Directive, may want to eliminate other chemicals (such as other types of flame retardant) that create impediments to recycling or pose risks to their workers health. 

Wooden pallets are often used only once and disposed of afterward. Approximately 171 million of the 400 to 500 million pallets are recovered and used as fuel. The new packaging waste directive of EU (2004/12/EU), prescribing recycling targets for packaging materials also includes wooden packaging and its recovery. For example, in Finland about 90 percent of wooden packaging is recovered and used as fuel. ... 

A. Leppanen-Turkula, The new packaging directive increases recycling targets (in Finnish), Kehittyvd Elintarvike, 4 (2004). 

Targets for the minimization of wastes have been established by the EU Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste, which came into force in December 1994, fixing minimum and maximum recovery rates of 50 and 60%, as well as minimum and maximum recycling targets of 25 and 45%. Moreover, a minimum recycling rate of 15% was established for each individual material. 

Other technologies such as feedstock recycling must be promoted to meet the recycling targets. 

Member States shall aim at achieving no later than 31 December 2004 a minimum recycling rate of 55% by weight of the materials contained in the collected spent batteries and accumulators. No later than 31 December 2008 this recycling target shall be reviewed in accordance with the procedure by which this Directive is adopted. 

Using the stream data provided in Tables 6.6 and 6.7, identify the recycle targets and... 

Figure 13.34. Ecocfficicncy portfolio, comparing increasing recycling targets with landfill using the yellow bag system (Germany) [18].

Given the tough recycling targets set by the WEEE proposal (EU countries will be required to collect at least 4 kg of waste E E equipment per person per year), it seems difficult to imagine enforced separation of all BFR plastics if this is going to impose additional costs for the very plastics most suited to recycling. 

The proposed WEEE directive imposes a collection target of 4kg per person in the EU by 2006. It also establishes recovery targets of 60-80% and reuse/recycle targets of 50 to 75% depending on... 

The new Waste Framework Directive has set a 50% recycling target for household waste. The directive does not stipulate what waste should apply to the municipal waste stream as a whole or individual material fractions within this stream [20]. 

Table 2 Properties of intercepted broke capable of matching maximum recycle target.

The next deadline comes in December 2006 with the need to achieve specified collection and recycling targets. To this end Christian Salvesen and Midex Reverse Technologies are offering UK businesses the opportunity to dispose of all types of redundant, surplus and unwanted electronics. The items will be packaged to be collected by vehicles from the Christian Salvesen distribution network which will deliver them to the nearest Midex site where facilities exist for assemblies to be stripped down, repaired, reused or ground and separated into constituent materials which can be recycled. Christian Salvesen possesses the requisite waste handling Ucences and its fleet of 550 drivers is accredited for hazardous transport. 

Of which minimum material-specific recycling targets are ... 

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