Recovery defined

Since there can be an infinite number of combinations of creep and recovery periods it has been found convenient to express this behaviour in terms of two dimensionless variables. The first is called the Fractional Recovery, defined as... 

The definition of product oxygen recovery defines the minimum required feed rate for a specified product purity and recovery. That relationship is that the feed flow must be the product oxygen purity (%) divided by the recovery (% of feed O2) and divide also by the mole fraction of O2 in feed air. For 20.9 mol% O2 in air this is ... 

The term izbias must be included even if the bias is considered insignificant. The expanded uncertainty is obtained by multiplying izsample by an appropriate coverage factor. Note that sr should be obtained from a suitably large (at least 10) number of repeats taken over a few days and batches of samples. A similar approach is taken for recovery, defined as... 

A membrane process property related to flux is product recovery defined below. In liquid separations, especially RO and NF, it is one of the key performance indicators ... 

PWR Product water recovery defined as permeate flow rate/feed water flow rate, %. 

Sources of environmental exposure e.g. production, distribution, storage, mixing including sposal or recovery Define aquatic recipients e.g. surface water, ground water, estuaries or marine environment... 

A number of variables of practical importance in separation terminology may be derived from the primary variables. Derived variables include component rates and recoveries defined as follows Component distillate rates ... 

MFIR Melt flow index recovery defined as the percentage increase in diameter of extrudate over that of the orifice ... 

Having defined some of the statistical rules, we can refer back to our example of estimating ultimate recovery (UR) for an oil field development. Recall that... 

The most informative method of expressing uncertainty in HCIIP or ultimate recovery (UR) is by use of the expectation curve, as introduced in Section 6.2. The high (H) medium (M) and low (L) values can be read from the expectation curve. A mathematical representation of the uncertainty n a parameter (e.g. STOMP) can be defined as... 

Recall that the recovery factor (RF) defines the relationship between the hydrocarbons initially in place (HCIIP) and the ultimate recovery for the field. 

The type of development, type and number of development wells, recovery factor and production profile are all inter-linked. Their dependency may be estimated using the above approach, but lends itself to the techniques of reservoir simulation introduced in Section 8.4. There is never an obvious single development plan for a field, and the optimum plan also involves the cost of the surface facilities required. The decision as to which development plan is the best is usually based on the economic criterion of profitability. Figure 9.1 represents a series of calculations, aimed at determining the optimum development plan (the one with the highest net present value, as defined in Section 13). 

A separation s efficiency is influenced both by the failure to recover all the analyte and the failure to remove all the interferent. We define the analyte s recovery, Ra, as... 

Recoveries and separation factors are useful ways to evaluate the effectiveness of a separation. They do not, however, give a direct indication of the relative error introduced by failing to remove all interferents or failing to recover all the analyte. The relative error introduced by the separation, E, is defined as... 

Dual solvent fractional extraction (Fig. 7b) makes use of the selectivity of two solvents (A and B) with respect to consolute components C and D, as defined in equation 7. The two solvents enter the extractor at opposite ends of the cascade and the two consolute components enter at some point within the cascade. Solvent recovery is usually an important feature of dual solvent fractional extraction and provision may also be made for reflux of part of the product streams containing C or D. Simplified graphical and analytical procedures for calculation of stages for dual solvent extraction are available (5) for the cases where is constant and the two solvents A and B are not significantly miscible. In general, the accurate calculation of stages is time-consuming (28) but a computer technique has been developed (56). 

As of this writing, it has not been possible to use the seismic data which defines the volume of the reservoir to also determine the joint stmcture. Extended flow testing is the most direct measure of the efficiency and sustainabiUty of energy recovery from the reservoir. The use of chemical tracers in the circulating fluid can also provide valuable supporting data with regard to the multiplicity of flow paths and the transit time of fluid within the reservoir (37). 

Refuse-Derived Fuel. Many processing faciUties divert a portion of the material that is not recovered for recycling to waste-to-energy plants, also referred to as resource recovery faciUties, where the material is employed as fuel. The processes involved in the production of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) are outlined in Figure 4 (23). Nine different RDFs have been defined, as Hsted in Table 3 (24). There are several ways to prepare RDF-3, which is perhaps the most popular form and is the feed used in the preparation of densified refuse-derived fuel (d-RDF). AH forms of RDF are part of the broader set of waste-derived fuels (WDF), which includes various waste biomass, eg, from silvaculture or agriculture (see Fuels frombiomass Fuels fromwaste). 

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