Washing test data

Opening segments of the IP2 PRA data analysis section describe the definitions of terms and concepts employed, the assumptions made, and limitations recognized during the data base construction. A set of 39 plant-specific component failure mode summaries established the basis for component service hour determinations, the number of failures, and the test data source for each failure mode given for each component. Generic data from WASH-1400, IEEE Std 500, and the LER data summaries on valves, pumps, and diesels were combined with plant-specific failure data to produce "updated" failure information. All the IP2 specialized component hardware failure data, both generic and updated, are contained in Table 1.5.1-4 (IP3 1.6.1-4). This table contains (by system, component, and failure mode) plant-specific data on the number of failures and service hours or demands. For some components, it was determined that specifications of the system was warranted because of its impact on the data values. 

DDT on Pears. Early experiments indicated that the conventional hydrochloric acid bath, as used for the removal of lead arsenate residues, afforded partial DDT residue removal by virtue of mechanical action only—for example, a surface residue of 1.0 p.p.m. was reduced to 0.6 p.p.m. by such treatment, but the residue in the calyx only was untouched (15 p.p.m., fresh weight of calyx only). Supplemental wash tests with other materials afforded the residue data collected in Table II. 

Figure 11.3. Laboratory test data with a vacuum leaf filter, (a) Rates of formation of dry cake and filtrate, (b) Washing efficiency, (c) Air flow rate vs. drying time, (d) Correlation of moisture content with the air rate, pressure difference AP, cake amount W Ib/sqft, drying time 6d min and viscosity of liquid Dahlstrom and Silverblatt, 1977).

Three (3) sets of vials will be spiked with an NaCl solution, dried, and then washed. Baseline data will be established using unwashed, NaCl-spiked bottles. The washed vials will be tested for conductivity (NaCl), particulate count (WFI), and concentrations of the three solutions. Also, one load will be run with all vials in... 

The quality of an SPR based direct binding assay can be described in a similar manner to an HTS assay by measures that characterize the robustness and the reproducibility of the assay. In order to determine the reproducibility of a screen, a set of compounds is tested in replicate. It is important that all experimental steps of a given screen such as sample preparation, injection mode, washing procedures, data evaluation are included. The statistical data of the correlation (for instance slope and standard error) are indicative for the reproducibility of the data [39]. 

Fig. 6. Static engine test data showing the effect of wash coat loading on conversion at X = 0.995 in a selectivity test after extended ageing (150 hrs).

Figure 3 Test data for two different antimicrobial body wash treatments, povidone iodine (7.5%, PVPI) or a novel alcohol-based formulation (TSPN), followed with a preoperative preparation of like composition painted onto the test subjects immediately following the time = 0 hours sampling. Note that with the PVPl-based treatment regimen, the minimum 3 logio reduction from baseline microbial counts at 0.17 hours (10 min) is not obtained, whereas with the TSPN system the required reduction is obtained at both the 0.17-hour sampling as well as the 6-hour (end of typical surgical procedure) sampling. The average baseline microbial count for the subjects in this study was 5.4 logio organisms per cm" (n = 13).

Continuous filters, particularly the vacuum variety, often suffer from maldistribution and mn-off of the washing liquid, and the wash liquid demand is sometimes dominated by such inefficiencies. Wakeman reported an experimental study of these effects on drum filters and, in spite of some inevitable data scatter, found interesting relationships, correlated these with batch leaf tests and proposed calculation methods to predict the effects from leaf test data. 

More detailea descriptions of small-scale sedimentation and filtration tests are presented in other parts of this section. Interpretation of the results and their conversion into preliminary estimates of such quantities as thickener size, centrifuge capacity, filter area, sludge density, cake diyness, and wash requirements also are discussed. Both the tests and the data treatment must be in experienced hands if error is to be avoided. 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Goggles or face shield dust mask Symptoms Following Exposure Inhalation of dust may causes irritation of nose and throat. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. Ingestion has been observed to cause tremors and muscle spasms in test animals General Treatment for Exposure INHALATION move to fresh air. EYES flush with water for at least 15 min. SKIN flush with water wash with soap and water. INGESTION get medical attention Toxicity by Inhalation (Thresholdlimit Value) Data not available Short-Term Inhalation limits Data not available Toxicity by Ingestion Grade 2 oral LDjq = 3,800 mg/kg (rat) Late Toxicity Causes cancer in rats Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics Data not available liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics Data not available Odor Threshold Not pertinent. 

Appendix HI, of WASH-1400 presents a database from 52 references that were used in the study. It includes raw data, notes on test and maintenance time and frequency, human-reliability estimates, aircraft-crash probabilities, frequency of initiating events, and information on common-cause failures. Using this information, it assesses the range for each failure rate. 

Nickel and nickel alloys do not form thick layers of corrosion products when freely exposed to outdoor atmospheres in circumstances where the surface is periodically washed by rain, but such deposits may form on sheltered surfaces. Quantitative data on the rate of loss of metal and of pitting of nickel and nickel alloys exposed to outdoor atmospheres are avail-able . Figure 4.38 shows results obtained at three sites in the USA over a 7 year period and Fig. 4.39 gives results from a 10 year test at Birmingham. In both series of tests, Ni-Cr-Fe alloys gave lower weight losses than nickel itself or Ni-Cu alloys and the American results bring out the... 

Most manufacturers of dissolution testing devices offer semi-automated systems that can perform sampling, filtration, and UV reading or data collection. These systems automate only a single test at a time. Fully automated systems typically automate entire processes including media preparation, media dispensing, tablet or capsule drop, sample removal, filtration, sample collection or analysis (via direct connection to spectrophotometers or HPLCs), and wash cycles. A fully automated system allows automatic performance of a series of tests to fully utilize unused night and weekend instrument availability. 

Although Fields already mentioned the possible preparation of monolithic silica-based CEC columns, the lack of experimental data leads to the assumption that this option has not been tested [111]. In fact, it was Tanaka et al. who demonstrated the preparation of monolithic capillary columns using a sol-gel transition within an open capillary tube [99,112]. The trick was in the starting mixture that in addition to tetramethoxysilane and acetic acid also includes poly(ethylene oxide). The gel formed at room temperature was carefully washed with a variety of solvents and heated to 330 °C. The surface was then modified with octadecyl-trichlorosilane or octadecyldimethyl-A N-dimethylaminosilane to attach the hy-... 

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