Washing machine drum

Mirroring repeat, developed from washing machine drum. 

These considerations mean that for removal of dirt, surfactants must effectively adsorb at solid-liquid or liquid-liquid interfaces. This is not always directly correlated to the surface activity at the air-water interface which characterizes surfactants, and very effective nonionic surfactants are not always sufficiently surface active to form good foams, which is psychologically important in the washing process. Thus, surfactants that tend to form good foams are also added. All of the mechanisms of dirt removal are enhanced by mechanical action, for example due to rotation of the washing machine drum. 

So far, we have only been talking about washing machines in general without differentiating between the various types. In terms of construction, the washing machines most frequently available on world markets can be divided into two groups, those with a horizontal drum axis and those with a vertical drum axis as shown in Fig. 3.1. 

Washing machines currently on the market are constructed almost exclusively with drums and laundry tubs of corrosion-resistant stainless steel or with an enameled finish that is inert to alkaline wash liquors. Nevertheless, various machine components are made of less detergent resistant metals or alloys. To prevent corrosion of these parts, modern detergents contain corrosion inhibitors in the form of sodium silicate. The colloidal silicate that is present, deposits as a thin, inert layer on metallic surfaces, thereby protecting them from attack by alkali. 

A quite important parameter for the operation of washing machines is their load. There are several ways to measure the wash load, e.g the force required to rotate the drum/tub/pulsator could be measured and the required amount of water worked out accordingly, or the machine load could be measured by a remote pressure-sensing device with piezoresistive transducers and wireless communication... 

By sensing the displacement of the drum, considerable advantages for the manufacturer and end users of washing machines are achieved ... 

In the most frequently used type of domestic washing machine, the drum containing the washing turns in a suds container. The suds container is spring-mounted in a housing with shock absorbers connecting it to the bottom of the housing in order to attenuate vibrations (Fig. 5.55). 

Position/Displacement sensors can be used in active damping systems of industrial washing machines in order to compensate for vibrations coming from unbalanced drums /laundry. These can work much like a simple automotive shock absorber. 

At some point you will need to look at details of the interaction of the product with the system, in our washing machine, textile, water and detergent are contacted in a tumbling drum (Figure 4-8). The textile tumbles forward and backward. With a proper textile load, there is not much free water in the drum the wet textile takes up water when stretched and releases it when bended. This allows detergent to move into the textile, and the dirt to move out. 

An impactor can crush the muscle tissues or any part of the human anatomy. Sometimes two rotating objects can cause crushing of body parts when they are moving toward each other. Common examples include meshing gears, belts running over pulleys, cables on drums, chains on sprockets, rollers on manual type washing machines, and rolls on rubber mills or paper calendars. 

Scouring of knitted goods, wool and blended woven fabrics in discontinuous rotary-drum washing machines has been established in many countries for a number of years. Equipment for continuous preparation and dyeing from non-aqueous solvent have been developed by several companies (Table 5.1). 

In the suction drum washing machine (Fig. 7-51) the scouring liquor is drawn... 

Dash wheel A washing machine consisting of a revolving drum divided Into compartments. 

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