Warfare technological developments

For more detailed explorations of the interrelationship between technology and warfare, and how technological developments have shaped military strategies and tactics, see further the writings of Martin van Creveld 1989, especially Chaps. 11-15 on technology and warfare between 1830 and 1945. 

Lele, Ajey. Strategic Technologies for the Military Breaking New Frontiers. Thousand Oaks, Calif. Sage, 2009. Describes the nuances of technological development in a purely scientific manner and provides a social perspective to their relevance for future warfare and for issues such as disarmament and arms control, as well as their impact on the environment. 

Sylvester John Hemleben, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Chemical Warfare Service Development Laboratory, in the monograph series History of Research and Development of the CWS in WW II. (2) Capt. Jacquard H. Rothschild, "New Development Laboratory Opens, Chemical Warfare Bulletin 28 (January 1942), 52-54. 

The military employment of pyrotechnics on a large scale other than by the use of BlkPdr is a fairly recent development, dating back to WWI, because pyrotechnic warfare is, as we shall see, mainly a product of high technology. Recognizing the interdependence of pyrotechnics and related disciplines, pertinent prior citations in the Encyclopedia as well as recent developments thru 1976 in the field have been Collected and grouped into the following sections ... 

Project-research, a method of organizing research by stipulation of projects and allocation of these to individuals or teams of scientists in separate laboratories, was developed in the United States during World War I in research on chemical warfare. This research was initially conducted largely by academic chemists as volunteers and later by them in the Research Division of the Chemical Warfare Service of the U. S. Army. Many of the leading American chemists in the 1920s shared the common experience of research on chemical warfare. The model of project-research was tried by the leaders of the division of chemistry and chemical technology of the National Research Council in order to allocate specific research problems and foster cooperative research after the war. 

This chapter will examine the nature of project-research as it developed in the organization of chemical warfare research during World War I and will suggest that this model may have played a significant role in the attempts at increased organization of chemical research in the United States after the war, especially in the division of chemistry and chemical technology of the National Research Council. 

During World War I, Haber helped to develop the technology for deploying phosgene, chlorine, and mustard gas as weapons of chemical warfare. His wife Clara, also a chemist, was disgusted by the use of science in war. When her husband refused to stop his support of the war effort, she committed suicide. 

In addition, Meselson was a member of the NAE Committee on Alternative Chemical Demilitarization Technologies and the Advisory Panel on the Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center. I decided to write to him, and composed a two-page letter pointing out that he and I were approximately the same age, and had similar Ivy League educations. I wondered why we had reached such different views on the topic of chemical warfare, especially about incapacitating agents, which were intended to reduce wartime casualties. 

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