Vulnerable groups policies

Might be the body s own regulation system is put out of function when a mineral is given in pure form without at the same time give an increased amount of other minerals and nutrients. This is one of the reasons why Norway has a very restrictive fortification policy of foods. We think we can have a better control over the intake of minerals without fortifying, rather than give dietary advice to vulnerable groups in the population. 

However, after more than a decade of experience with work-first and workfare approaches, there is also evidence that a work first policy runs the risk of low job retention. The high share of repeaters in the United Kingdom (see the chapter Employment First" Activating the British Welfare State by Daniel Finn and Bemd Schulte) points at a rather low sustainability of workfare strategies. Hence, there may be a low-pay/low-skill trap that cannot be overcome by current work first practices but leads to repeated spells of full or partial benefit dependency. This fact points at potential limits of activation when it comes to the objective of stable employment for highly vulnerable groups. 

Despite all the efforts which have been made in developing countries in advancing both general health policy and the performance of the pharmaceutical sector, it is an unhappy fact that the access problem is far from being solved. Two thirds of all deaths of children under 15 are due to seven diseases for which effective prevention and therapies exist, as shown in Fig. 3 [17]. Vulnerable groups of society are still dying because of lack of access to these essential treatments. It is an unhappy fact that the world s poorest people too often are served by the most inefficiently performing health systems [20]. Their health status is below what is attainable, and health and supply systems are unresponsive and unfairly hnanced. 

A last point on terminology Throughout the book, it is presumed that readers are familiar with policy areas such as social protection, social risk management, or poverty reduction, and the distinct but related concepts of poverty, vulnerability to poverty, vulnerable groups social risk management instruments or arrangements safety nets, social protection or social policy. For those who are not, a briefing is provided in appendix A... 

Safety nets are never the whole or suffioient answerto poverty reduction or risk management. They must operate within the existing policy context and be balanced with existing or planned safety nets, sooial insurance, and other social or poverty alleviation policies. No single presoription fits all oircumstances. The mix of support to the chronic poor, the transient poor, and vulnerable groups will be complex, and, until the safety net is adequate for all, the subject of difficult and controversial triage decisions. 

A second example is the monitoring system in the Philippines. The Micro Impacts of Macroeconomic and Adjustment Policies Project provides information on the welfare status of the population, particularly vulnerable groups, to policy makers, program imple-menters, and the general public. The system combines survey and administrative data from several levels community volunteers collect and process selected indicators at the local level municipal planning and development coordinators combine the data for their local governments provincial planning and development coordinators combine the data for their municipalities and the National Statistics Office combines data for provinces, supplemented with relevant household data derived from national surveys. 

Policy makers and sector specialists cannot choose an appropriate mix of safety net policies without first obtaining a good understanding of the population groups that need safety net programs on a permanent basis the chronically poor or a subset of these, the transient poor or a subset of these, and other vulnerable groups. 

Owino, Wasunna, and Maureen Were. 1998. Enhancing Health Care among the Vulnerable Groups The Question of Waivers and Exemptions. Discussion Paper DP/014/98. Nairobi Institute of Policy Analysis and Research. 

Also, the Pentagon did not contend that the withheld portions of the anthrax report are classihed (exemption 1), even though they are said to concern vulnerabilities and capabilities of the US Government to respond to another... attack. Rather, in an expansive interpretation of the law, it said that release of the redacted portions would make it possible to circumvent Department of Defense rules and practices. (exemption 2). See the March 15 transmittal letter fromlT.J. McIntyre of the DoD FOIA Policy Office here Mike Denny Senior Force Protection Consultant Guardian Group International (GGI) [216]. 

Because transitory poverty can be as high as half of total poverty, most societies will feel the need for safety nets both to help households cope with shocks and to provide some sort of assistance for the chronically poor. These two groups overlap incompletely with those with specific vulnerabilities, making the triage process yet more complex. Transfer policy also is often motivated by a desire to compensate losers in the reform of other schemes that have affected patterns of income or welfare. The losers may not be poor, but transfers may be called upon to compensate them. 

Poverty and social impact analysis. Examination of the distributional impact of policy reforms on the well-being and welfare of various stakeholder groups, particularly the poor and vulnerable. 

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