Vivo and in Vitro Studies

In vivo and in vitro studies on the differentiation and proliferation of immature rat thymus subsets have shown that dibutyltin dichloride reduces the production of CD4 CD8 and mature single-positive thymocyte proliferation by selectively inhibiting immature CD4 CD8 thymocyte proliferation but without affecting the differentiation capacity of these cells, suggesting that thymocyte proliferation and differentiation are separately regulated processes (Pieters et al., 1993, 1994a,b, 1995). 

Seinen W, Vos JG, van Spanje I, Snoek M, Brands R, Hooykaas H (1977a) Toxicity of organotin compounds. II. Comparative in vivo and in vitro studies with various organotin and organolead compounds in different animal species with special emphasis on lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 42(1) 197-212. 

Bello, S.M., Franks, D.G., and Stegemann, J.J. et al. (2001). Acquired resistance to Ah receptor agonists in a population of Atlantic kilfifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund site in vivo and in vitro studies on the inducibifity of drug metabohsing... 

Reed, A. M., In vivo and in vitro studies of biodegradable polymers for use in medicine and surgery, PH.D. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1978. 

Distribution and Metabolic Fate—In Vivo and In Vitro Studies... 

Rostasy K, Egles C, Chauhan A, Kneissl M, Bahrani P, Yiannoutsos C, Hunter DD, Nath A, Hedreen JC, Navia BA (2003) SDE-lalpha is expressed in astrocytes and neurons in the AIDS dementia complex an in vivo and in vitro study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 62(6) 617-626... 

Bernstein, A., Hurwitz, E., Maron, R., Arnon, R., Sela, M., and Wilchek, M. (1978) Higher antitumor efficacy of daunomycin when linked to dextran In vivo and in vitro studies. /. Natl. Cancer Inst. 60, 379-384. 

Histamine is stored within and released from neurons but a neuronal transporter for histamine has not been found. Newly synthesized neuronal histamine is transported into TM neuronal vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 [16]. Both in vivo and in vitro studies show that depolarization of nerve terminals activates the exocytotic release of histamine by a voltage- and calcium-dependent mechanism. Once released, histamine activates both postsynaptic and presynaptic receptors. Unlike the nerve terminals from other amine transmitters, however, histaminergic nerve terminals do not exhibit a high-affinity uptake system for histamine [5, 9, 23]. Astrocytes may contain a histamine transport system. 

Prenatal and postnatal exposures to fenvalerate reduced prostate and seminal vesicle weights and plasma testosterone levels in male rats [55], A chronic study showed no adverse effects on reproductive tissues at a high dose level of 1,000 ppm [142]. In vivo and in vitro studies with rats and mice suggested that fenvalerate may affect male and female reproduction, possibly due to calcium transport alteration [143-146], One paper reported that fenvalerate affected human sperm count and sperm motility of male workers who were exposed to fenvalerate in a pesticide factory [147]. 

Ellington, S. (1980). In vivo and in vitro studies on the effects of maternal fasting during embryonic organogenesis in the rat. J. Reprod. Fertil. 60 383-388. 

Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Sun J, Wang X, Chen M (2005) Nasal recombinant hirudin-2 delivery absorption and its mechanism in vivo and in vitro studies. Biol Pharm Bull 28 2263-2267. 

Hazelhoff B, MalingreTM, Meijer DK. (1982). Antispasmodic effects of valeriana compounds an in-vivo and in-vitro study on the guinea-pig ileum. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Then. 257(2) 274-87. 

Many reports on the effects of ozone and PAN on physiologic processes (net photosynthesis, stomatal response, and water relations) and on metallic activity (including in vivo and in vitro studies of individual enzymes, enzyme systems, metabolic pathways, metabolic pool relationships, cell organelles, and plant tissue studies) have appeared since 1964. 

Yang B, Meng Z, Dong J, Yan L, Zou L, Tang Z, Dou G. (2005) Metabolic profile of 1,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid in rats, an in vivo and in vitro study. Drug Metab Dispos 33 930-936. 

Summaries of the in vivo and in vitro studies related to the genotoxicity of 1,4-dichlorobenzene are presented in Tables 2-3 and 2-4, respectively. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene is generally nonmutagenic except in plants (see Table 2-4) (Prasad 1970 Sarbhoy 1980 Sharma and Battacharya 1956 Srivastava 1966). 

Bronaugh RL, Maibach Fll. 1985. Percutaneous absorption of nitroaromatic compounds In vivo and in vitro studies in the human and monkey. J Invest Dermatol 84 180-183. 

The genotoxicity of PCBs has been tested in in vivo and in vitro studies with generally negative results. ... 

Creasy DM, Ford GR, Gray TJ The morphogenesis of cyclohexylamine-induced testicular atrophy in the rat in vivo and in vitro studies. Exp Mol Pathol 52(2) 155-169, 1990... 

D. Bilecen, A.C. Schulte, A. Kaspar, E. Kustermann, J. Seelig, D. von Elverfeldt, K. Scheffler, Detection of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid in humans A combined F-19-MRS in vivo and in vitro study, NMR Biomed. 16 (2003) 144-151. 

The WHO-TEF values are internationally accepted toxic equivalent factors for dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs, as stated by the WHO and derived from both in vivo and in vitro studies. The relative toxic potency of dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs, relative to... 

Ku, W.W. and R.E. Chapin. 1994. Mechanism of the testicular toxicity of boric acid in rats in vivo and in vitro studies. Environ. Health Perspec. 102(Suppl. 7) 99-105. 

The excellent performance of GICs as dental materials has lead to their evaluation as biocompatible bone reconstruction materials. Initial results from in vivo and in vitro studies appear very promising [253-257]. 

Despite the need to know how nanotubes may affect or cause toxicity for live organisms, only a small number of studies have been dedicated to this problem. Furthermore, results of these studies have been inconsistent and not fully understood. The data obtained show that crude nanotubes possess a certain level of toxicity (in both in vivo and in vitro studies) associated mainly with the presence of metals, which are used as catalysts in nanotube synthesis. For purified nanotubes minimal toxic effects were seen even at high concentrations, and chemically functionalized nanotubes used for drug delivery did not show any toxic effects. However, the ability of nanotubes to form aggregates requires further research in this area. 

Webster WS, Johnston MC, Lammer EJ, Sulik KK (1986) Isotretinoin embryopathy and the cranial neural crest an in vivo and in vitro study. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol, 6(3) 211-222. 

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