Visual Control

The most arresting development is the use of an STM tip, manipulated to move both laterally and vertically, to shepherd individual atoms across a crystal surface to generate features of predeterminate shapes an atom can be contacted, lifted, transported and redeposited under visual control. This was first demonstrated at... 

Data analysis Complex, visually controlled simulations necessary Simple, least square fits using Lorentzians are routine... 

The weakening or destaining is performed under visual control and finished by incubation with ddH20. 

Apply a water-filled gas trap after the ozone destructor. This makes it easy to visually control the gas-flow or detect leaks. It furthermore smoothes the gas-flow, due to the back pressure of the liquid (height). ... 

Visual control to ensure that documents are filed according to SOP 3-24-123. Check that the supplier service advice has been incorporated in the maintenance protocol. 

The Novolizer (Viatris, Germany) is unique among the devices because it is reloadable. It uses plastic cartridges filled with up to 200 doses of the medication that are inserted into the DPI body. The device is currently marketed in some European countries. As with most of the recent developments, the device has both acoustic and visual control features. 

At the PC level, the freeze-drying process and all secondary processes are visualized, controlled and documented. Such secondary processes include condenser defrosting, CIP/SIP, plant tests, failure statistics, calibration values, counter of operating hours, plant schematic, table of valves, actual temperature and pressure values, recipes, start parameters and machine parameters. 

Another typical application is the creation of sensors. Vanadium modified silica, according to reaction (D), yields a very useful compound for the visual control of humidity in gas media.19... 

As reported in a lot of reviews, extractions with supercritical solvents have a very promising commercial potential. Until now the commercialization is mainly restricted to batchwise extraction of solids with carbon dioxide (e g. decaffeination of coffee and tea, extraction of hop). Laboratory experiments and operation of small-scale pilot plants gave favourable economic values for continuous extraction of liquids with C02 and other gases. Only a few extractions with C02 or C HS are performed already on a small industrial scale. For research purposes and product development a new high pressure counter-current extraction plant was erected. To get greater amounts of product the explosionproof plant was constructed in pilot scale using a special modular concept and an effective visual control system. 

Human abilities for pattern recognition can be successfully applied in the field of molecular recognition only when there are procedures and tools available that allow a transformation of the molecular scenario into one which can be manipulated with visual control. This can be realized by exploitation of the concept of molecular surfaces with the aid of modern graphical workstation technologies. We now consider the relevant concepts in some detail. 

Using a proprietary algorithm, masses as well as signal-to-noise ratios are automatically analyzed and interpreted. After completion of analysis, the results are transferred to a data base and stored as accessible genetic information (see Eig. 6). The database also provides a tool for visual control and comparison of spectra with theoretically expected results. MassEXTEND assays can easily be designed in a high throughput mode with a computer aided assay development module. 

The direct measurement of corrosion was formerly obtained by inserting material specimens in autoclaves connected with the primary circuit. This method requires periodic weighings performing a visual controls and metallographic investigations. 

The DIAGNOSIS unit considers firstly the possibility of a fault in the probe the check includes both visual controls by the operator and statistical elaborations on the data acquired by the corrosimeter. 

In order to gain visual control during the electrophoretic migration, we have found the following technique satisfactory (W8). One indicator consists of a 35 % sol of dextran (mol. wt. 150,(XK)) colored a deep blue with bromophenol blue. A small drop is placed on the agar near the serum sample. Part of it will dye the serum albumin exclusively, since the serum globulins are only colored after denaturation. Thus, the albumin front will take on a pure bluish color and demonstrate anionic progress. 

FTIR. Because the subtraction routine on the FTIR Is Interactive, the operator has visual control over the scaling factor for the reference spectrum. To effect the subtraction, the operator selects a region In which the absorption bands are due to the reference material and gives the subtraction command while watching the screen. When a flat baseline Is obtained In the region of Interest, the operator breaks the command and the difference spectrum Is displayed along with the scaling factor. The equation used to effect this subtraction was (FFA) (SCA)-(FFB) (SCB) Difference Spectrum, where ... 

Similarly, visual control systems (cf. Nikkan 1995) may also be viewed as an extension of the autonomation concept because they utilize various devices to share information and make abnor-... 

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