Vista

Visine Visions Visipaque Visken Vista Vistaflex Vistalon... 

Products from the Chemicals Division, Procter Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1987 Mdol Tatty Mlcohols, Sherex Chemical Company, Dublin, Ohio, 1986 Vista Sufactants, Industrial Chemicals, andPlastics, Vista Chemical Company, Houston, Texas, 1987 TpalTinear Primary Mlcohols, Ethyl Corporation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1985 Neodol, Shell Chemical Company, Houston, Texas, 1987 HenkelTat Paw Materials, Henkel K.-G.a.A., Dbsseldorf, Eed. Rep. Germany. 

MSDSforMlfolMlcohols, Vista Chemical Company, Houston, Texas, 1984, 1985. 

This process is currentiy used by Vista Chemical, successor to Continental Oil Company s chemical business, and by Condea. In the Ethyl Corporation process dilute sulfuric acid is used in place of water in the hydrolysis step producing alum rather than alumina. 

Fig. 2. Estimated primary alcohol distributions for (H) Ethyl Corporation-modified Ziegler and (+) Vista Corporation Ziegler, at 4.0 moles ethylene per...

Mild steel is a satisfactory constmction material for all equipment in Ziegler chemistry processes except for hydrolysis. If sulfuric acid hydrolysis is employed, materials capable of withstanding sulfuric acid at 100°C are requited lead-lined steel, some alloys, and some plastics. Flow diagrams for the Vista and Ethyl processes are shown in Eigures 3 and 4, respectively. 

Eig. 3. Flow diagram for the Vista Corporation primary alcohols plant. Lake Charles, Louisiana. 

Vista has offered for ficense a stoichiometric process, which has not yet been commercialized, although the related primary alcohol process has been described (see Alcohols, higher aliphatic-synthetic processes). Other processes, including developments by Dow and Exxon, have been reported in the hterature. 

Vista, Huntsman, and other linear alkylben2ene (LAB) producers feed chlorinated paraffins to an alkylation reactor to produce detergent alkylate without prior separation of the unreacted paraffins. Large amounts of paraffins must be recycled in these processes. 

Shaped products used for adsorbent purposes are generally less sophisticated and therefore less expensive than catalytic products. In 1985, it was reported that 10,000 t/yr of activated alumina adsorbents were produced in the United States. North American producers of Bayer process-based activated aluminas include Alcoa, La Roche (formerly Kaiser Chemicals), Discovery, and Alcan. Gel-based activated aluminas are produced by La Roche, Vista, and several of the major catalyst manufacturers. In Europe, principal sources of supply are Rhc ne-Poulenc and Condea. 

Trona), Cargill (Amboy), Salt Products Co. (Milligan), and Western (Chula Vista) Nevada, x, Huck (Fallon) Utah, 0 Namsco (Ogden), Akzo Nobel... 

GWR W. R. Grace Co., Organic Chemicals Div. VIS Union Carbide Corp., Specialty Chemicals Div. Condea Vista Corp. 

Technical Information Bulletin, Impact of FAB Composition on FAS Peformance, Condea Vista Co., Houston, Tex., 1996. 

The SiC whisker-reinforced alumina composite, a model for engineered materials, has opened new vistas for tool material development. Whereas SiC whisker-reinforced alumina is used extensively for the machining of nickel-base superaHoys, SiC whiskers react chemically with steel, causing rapid wear on the rake face. Attempts are underway to replace SiC whiskers with less reactive whiskers such as TiC or TiN. 

Ref 54. Vulcan has recently bought out Vista. The historical growth rate (1979—1988) for methyl chloride is 1.7% per year. The projected growth rate through 1993 is projected demand in 1993 is 264,000 t. Methyl chloride is used primarily in the manufacture of siHcones (Table 5). Table 5. Uses of Methyl Chloride 1 to 2% per year. The... 

A third type of regional problem is that of visibility. Visibility may be reduced by specific plumes or by the regional levels of particulate matter that produce various intensities of haze. The fine sulfate and nitrate particulates just discussed are largely responsible for reduction of visibility (see Chapter 10). This problem is of concern in locations of natural beauty, where it is desirable to keep scenic vistas as free of obstructions to the view as possible. 

Atmospheric haze has been observed in both the western and eastern portions of the United States. Typical visual ranges in the East are <15 miles and in the Southwest >50 miles. The desire to protect visual air quality in the United States is focused on the national parks in the West. The ability to see vistas over 50-100 km in these locations makes them particularly vulnerable to atmospheric haze. This phenomenon is generally associated with diffuse or widespread atmospheric degradation as opposed to individual plumes. 

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