Vision physiology

Mollon, J. D., and Sharpe, L. T., eds. (1983). Colour Vision Physiology and Psychophysics, Academic Press, New York. 

Ragnar A. Granit medicine, physiology research which illuminated electrical properties of vision by studying wavelength discrimination by eye... 

George Wald medicine, physiology research on chemical processes that allow pigments in eye retina to convert light into vision... 

So much about the vision - what about the route The Physiome Project will - like the Genome and Visible Human projects - crucially depend on the ability to develop the necessary tools for its own successful implementation. Apart from obtaining useful data and building representative databases, this primarily includes the capacity to devise appropriate algorithms to model physiological function. 

The universe in Paradise Lost was constructed by one deeply familiar not only with Biblical but also with alchemical thought. Milton s account of creation in PL 7 uses alchemical imagery as well as geometrical and agricultural. It is clear that such language is not used as mere decoration alchemical theory is central to the poet s view of cosmic, physiological and moral processes, and permeates his language and vision... 

Anstis, S. M. and P. Cavanagh (1983). A minimum motion technique forjudging equiluminance. In Colour Vision Psychophysics and Physiology, J. D. Mollon and L. T. Sharpe (eds.). London Academic Press, pp. 66-77. 

Brindley, G. S. et al. (1966). The flicker fusion frequency of the blue-sensitive mechanism of colour vision. Journal of Physiology (London) 183 497-500. 

Rodriguez-Carmona, M. et al. (2006). The effects of supplementation with lutein and/or zeaxanthin on human macular pigment density and colour vision. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 26 137-147. 

Wooten, B. R. and G. Wald (1973). Color-vision mechanisms in the peripheral retinas of normal and dichromatic observers. Journal of General Physiology 61 125-145. 

Proteomics is a child of disparate parents the revolutionary advent of genomic sequencing and the evolutionary extension of mass spectrometry to permit the analysis of peptides. The fusion of these advances initially created a vision of full inventories of proteins in a biological unit, such as a cell, a subcellular fraction, or a physiological fluid. Good progress has been made toward this in some cases [11], but the focus is shifting from encyclopedic surveys toward an emphasis on quantitative... 

Let us suppose, for example, one is concerned with a physiological or biochemical study of vision. This is a fundamental process intimately connected with the life of mammals and many other living... 

See also research, medical biochemical individuality and, 206-207 metabolism, 203 variations, exceptions and, 202 vision, 202-203 vitamin research and, 204-205 scopolamine, 228 scurvy, 167-168 self-esteem, genetics and, 16 self-selection of foods, 180 Selye, Hans, 230 senile dementia, 34-35, 227, 230 sensory physiology and psychology, 205 serotonin, 236 serum amylase, 80-81 serum lipase, 81 serum phenol sulfatase, 81 sex behavior, 100, 104-105 psychiatry and, 231 sex differences... 

However, an intrinsic physiological requirement for the cornea is the maintenance of its transparency, ensuring proper vision. This clarity as well as maintenance of the corneal shape (surface smoothness and total thickness) is critical to refraction. The unique transparency of corneal tissues is strongly dependent on their avascularity and a functionally intact endothelium, which are crucial for the maintenance of both stromal clarity and thickness by regulating corneal hydration. Macroscopically, the cornea is a transparent and avascular tissue... 

As an inhibitor of plasma (pseudo) cholinesterase, DFP produced only minimal reversal of scopolamine-induced incapacitation. Note the very low plasma ChE levels, with only minor decreases in RBC ChE (Fig. 71). DFP does improve near vision when applied to the eye (David Flarper, unpublished data) suggesting that paralysis of the muscles of visual accommodation is probably peripheral in origin. Persistence of pupillary enlargement (in the face of systemic treatment with physostigmine) may be due to physiological or pK factors, causing limited access to the iris. 

Vitamin A has a rich associated human physiology. It is associated with vision, regulation of gene expression, reproduction, embryo development, and immune function. We cannot manage all of this but let s get started with vision. 

Here we have another simple chemical transformation, the oxidation of the aldehyde group in retinal to the carboxyl group of retinoic acid. Although the chemical change is simple, the physiology is profoundly different. Retinoic acid has nothing to do with vision but a lot to do with development and differentiation. Here we have yet another example of the sensitive interdependence of chemical structure and biological function. 

The physiological effects include an increase in blood pressure and body temperature, nystagmus, slurred speech, ataxia, blurred vision, excessive sweating and salivation, fast heart rate, nausea, vomiting, and extraordinary strength. Deaths have been recorded from heart or respiratory failure. 

Note the equation of an extremely stimulated imagination with a dreamlike state. From the facts that he found the daylight to be unpleasantly glaring and the corresponding release of an uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures, we can safely conclude that Hofmann s LSD visions were produced by a dreamlike shift in the chemical balance of his visual brain. And, indeed, Hofmann himself offered the hypothesis that the stimulating effects on his visual brain were caused by LSD s interference with serotonin, the brain modulator that later physiological studies showed to be radically reduced in REM sleep. 

Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, and George Wald Physiology/Medicine Chemistry of vision... 

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