Viscosity pH and

As a part of the lubrication program, oil should be periodically tested. The testing requires drawing oil from the system for a laboratory analysis. The usual tests conducted to determine the condition of oils include viscosity, pH and neutralization number, precipitation, color and odor, and a check for foreign particles in the oil. The results should be reviewed and compared with new oil characteristics to determine the life characteristics of the oil. 

Luminescence is often much more sensitive to molecular dynamics than other optical techniques where temperature, viscosity, pH and solvent effects can have a significant influence on the emission response. Analyte degradation for light sensitive fluors and photobleaching for static measurements also influence the emission signal. Because of the wide variety of potential matrix effects, a thorough investigation should be conducted or the sample matrix well understood in terms of its potential impact on emission response. A complete discussion on the fate of the excited states and other measurement risk considerations can be found elsewhere. ... 

Important specifications for the manufacture of all solutions include assay and microbial limits. Additional important specifications for suspensions include particle size of the suspended drug, viscosity, pH, and in some cases, dissolution. Viscosity can be important, from a processing aspect, to minimize segregation. In addition, viscosity has also been shown to be associated with bioequivalency. pH may also have some meaning regarding effectiveness of preservative systems and may even have an effect on the amount of drug in solution. With regard to dissolution, there are at least three products that have dissolution specifications. These products include pheny-toin suspension, carbamazepine suspension, and sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim suspension. Particle size is also important, and at this point it would seem that any... 

Principal product specifications are microbial limits and testing methods, particle size, viscosity, pH, and dissolution of components. Process validation requires control of critical parameters observed during compounding and scale-up. Product stability examination is based on chemical degradation of the active components and interac-... 

Our group studied the release of lidocaine hydrochloride (Musial et al., 2010b) and chlorhexidine (CX) (Musial et al., 2010a) from an ionic and a non-ionic polymeric carrier, methylcellulose microgel and polyacrylic acid microgel, respectively, at standard and increased temperatures. The obtained release rates and respective amounts of lidocaine hydrochloride and CX loaded were compared with respect to viscosity, pH, and conductivity of the studied systems. This research is important for patients with differentiated skin surface temperature conditions to whom a local analgesic is to be applied. 

Together with molecular structure, environmental parameters such as temperature, solvent type, viscosity, pH, and dissolved oxygen content can also affect luminescence. As the solution temperature rises, it follows that the number of collisions between the excited state molecule and the solvent molecules will increase, thus greatly improving the likelihood of radiationless deexcitation to the ground state. Therefore, 4>i for most compounds decreases with increasing temperature. As mentioned earlier, the effect of temperature upon 4>p is even more dramatic due to the vastly greater lifetime of triplet states. 

The commonly used complex coacervation processes of microencapsulation have several drawbacks, including a need for constant attention and the adjustment of stirring conditions, solution viscosity, pH, and temperature. The process also often produces significant amounts of agglomerated microcapsules. A European... 

Viscosity, pH and color strength are the main properties that relate to press performance and print quality. Viscosity is critical for satisfactory ink transfer or print-ability. A gravure ink has slightly lower viscosity than a flexo ink. The pH is controlled since it effects viscosity, viscosity stability and compatibihty with other components. The viscosity changes with change in pH, but is readily adjusted by adding amine or water. 

Eactors that could potentiaHy affect microbial retention include filter type, eg, stmcture, base polymer, surface modification chemistry, pore size distribution, and thickness fluid components, eg, formulation, surfactants, and additives sterilization conditions, eg, temperature, pressure, and time fluid properties, eg, pH, viscosity, osmolarity, and ionic strength and process conditions, eg, temperature, pressure differential, flow rate, and time. 

Because the regions of the alimentary tract vary widely ia pH and chemical composition, many different commercial formulations of barium sulfate are available. The final preparations of varyiag viscosity, density, and formulation stabiUty levels are controlled by the different size, shape, uniformity and concentration of barium sulfate particles and the presence of additives. The most important additives are suspending and dispersiag agents used to maintain the suspension stabiUty. Commercial preparations of barium sulfate iaclude bulk and unit-dose powders and suspensions and principal manufacturers are E-Z-EM (Westbury, New York), Lafayette-Pharmacol, Inc. (Lafayette, Indiana), and Picker International, Inc. (Cleveland, Ohio). 

Solutions of HEC are pseudoplastic. Newtonian rheology is approached by very dilute solutions as well as by lower molecular-weight products. Viscosities change Httie between pH 2 and 12, but are affected by acid hydrolysis or alkaline oxidation under pH and temperature extremes. Viscosities of HEC solutions change reversibly with temperature, increasing when cooled and decreasing when warmed. 

In secondary operations, where chemicals are injected into hydrocarbon formations in conjunction with a chemical flooding process, polyamines are used to reduce the loss of injected chemicals to the formation by adsorption and precipitation (312). TEPA and other ethyleneamines are used with water-soluble polymeric thickeners in water—flood petroleum recovery operations to stabilize viscosity, mobiUty, and pH while imparting resistance to hydrolysis (313). 

In fastness to peroxide bleaching, ISO 10S-N02, the specimen is immersed ia a standard bleaching solution containing hydrogen peroxide (or sodium peroxide for viscose) where the composition of the bleaching Hquor is dependent on the fibers used ia the test specimen as are the pH and time of exposure (1—2 h). The objective of the test is to assess the colorfastness usiag typical bulk bleaching conditions for the fiber under test. 

An oil sample should be withdrawn from the system and analyzed in the laboratory. The usual tests of the used oil include (1) viscosity, (2) pH and neutralization number, and (3) precipitation. The test results will... 

Electrokinetic measurements consisted of measuring the viscosity with and without NaGl (Carlo Erba, Argentine) (Figures 3-a and 3-b), while the isoelectric point (figure 2) and zeta potential (figure 3-c) were measured at different pH (HCl Ciccarelli and NaOH Tetrahedrom, Argentine). 

Sensor-based methods. Whilst many methods use sensors, the simplest being temperature measurement, this terminology is often used to cover viscosity, pH, oxygen and humidity determination, etc. These are true in-line techniques and offer rapid, inexpensive real-time analysis. Humidity determination in drying ovens is a common example. 

Apples were chopped and mashed to a fine puree. Apple mash was treated with enzyme preparation and incubated for 2 hours at 55°C. Viscosity of mash was measured several times using a Brookfield DC3 viscometer with Helipath stand attachment and TD spindle. After two hours of incubation sanple was coitriftig for 20 minutes at 10.000 rpm. Volume, clarity, pH and brix of the juices were measured. The pectin level of the juices was assessed by a standard alcohol test. 

Figure 1. Intrinsic viscosities for nonionic polyacrylamides in water and aqueous solutions of various pH and ionic strength ((%, 4) water (, O, m) aqueous solutions (pH range 2,5 7.0 and ionic strength range 0,013-. 503) containing a nonionic surfactant (either Tergitol or polyethylene oxide = 300,000))...

A predictable delivery rate independent of environmental factors such as viscosity, pH, water content, and stirring rate (i.e., GI motility) Controllable release rates during the delivery period Delivery characteristics independent of the properties of the drug (e.g., aqueous solubility)... 

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