Vinyl versatates

They include vinyl acetate homopolymers and all copolymers in which vinyl acetate is the major constituent (50% or greater). The major PVAc copolymers are vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) and vinyl acetate-acrylic ester (vinyl acrylic). Vinyl acetate-versatic acid (vinyl versatate) and vinyl acetate- maleate are major PVAc copolymer emulsions used. 

In the semibatch runs of VAc miniemulsion (or macroemulsion) plus neat VEOVA, with simultaneous feeding of VAc miniemulsion (or macroemulsion), the neat vinyl versatate was injected into the polymerization system two (for the feedrate of 0.6 ml/min) or three (for 0.3 ml/min) times during each sampling interval. Copolymer composition was determined by NMR, MWD by GPC, Tg by DSC, and PSD by dynamic light scattering. 

The effect of mass transfer of vinyl versatate on the mini/macroemulsion polymerization of VAc/VEOVA in batch and semibatch systems was explored. For the batch experiments, the addition of neat VEOVA formed poor dispersions of VEOVA, which resulted in smaller particles, lower polymerization rates and different polymer composition tracks compared to normal mini/macroemulsion polymerization of VAc/VEOVA. The well-dispersed VEOVA seemed to help the monomer-swollen particle to gain more radicals in the nucleation period. 

Vinyls, finyl esters are usually used in waterborne coatings in the form of copolymer dispersions. Typical vinyl esters are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl laurate, and vinyl versatate. Acrylic, maleic, and fumaric acid esters are used as copolymers, finyl acetate is lower in cost compared to (meth) acrylic esters. Although vinyl acetate coatings are inferior to acrylics in both photochemical stability and resistance to hydrolysis, this does not prevent them from being used for exterior... 

A typical emulsion polymerisation formulation contains water, 50% monomer blended for the required glass transition temperature (T ), surfactant (and often coUoid), initiator, pH buffer and fungicide. Hard monomers with a high Tg used in emulsion polymerisation may be vinyl acetate, MMA, and styrene, while soft monomers with a low include butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, vinyl versatate,... 

Poly (Vinyl Acetate-Vinyl Versatate) (VAA/hoVa)... 

Vinyl acetate/vinyl Versatate 42-00 FILM FORMER Methyl methacrylate/ethyl acrylate/acrylic acid latex 26-00... 

The use of water in place of organic solvents as a paint thinner has obvious attractions. The first important commercial product of this type was the oil-bound water paint, the vehicle being an emulsion of oil or varnish in an aqueous solution of gelatine. The preferred white pigment was lithopone (zinc sulphide/ barium sulphate), and a high ratio of pigment to binder was used. This product was eventually replaced by the emulsion paint (known as latex paint in USA and dispersion paint on the continent of Europe). It used a synthetic vinyl polymer as a binder, mainly a co-polymer of vinyl acetate with either vinyl versatate or butyl acrylate, with titanium dioxide as the white pigment. Attempts to use an alkyd emulsion based on oil as the vehicle were commercially unsuccessful. The droplet size of the dispersion at emulsion is normally about 0.2-1 //m. 

Emulsions can be formulated with only hard monomer and plasticized at a later stage, but it is normal to internally plasticize the emulsion by copolymerizing some soft monomer. Vinyl acetate plasticized with an acrylate such as butyl or ethylhexyl acrylate, or a dialkyl maleate, are common combinations. Other hard (high Tg) monomers include methyl methacrylate, styrene, and vinyl chloride. Soft monomers include Vinyl Versatate (Shell Chemicals), ethylene, and vinylidene chloride (Figure 1). 

As noted in Section 6.5.2, the hydrolysis resistance of latex films from emulsion polymers prepared from the vinyl acetate (VA) monomer is marginal for ontdoor use. In Europe and recently in the United States, vinyl versatate (II) (Ri = —CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 and R2 = R3 = —CH3) has been introduced for use along with vinyl acetate for improved outdoor performance of latex coatings. Vinyl versatate is the vinyl ester of versatic acid, a 10-carbon carboxylic acid of the highly branched structure sometimes called neo ... 

Vinyl acetate (VAc) (acetic acid ethenyl ester) [108-05-4] is less expensive than (meth)acrylate monomers. VAc latexes are inferior to acrylic latexes in photochemical stability and resistance to hydrolysis and are used in flat wall paints. Reference 119 discusses use of a variety of vinyl esters in latexes. The polymers are more hydrophobic than VAc homopolymers and have superior hydrolytic stability and scrub resistance. Reference 120 reports the advantages of using vinyl versatate in both VAc and acrylic copolymers. 

Methyl acrylate Vinyl versatate Vinyl isopropylether re-Dodecyl acrylate re-Hexyl methacrylate i-Propyl acrylate Tetradecyl methacrylate i-Butylvinyl ether re-Octyl methacrylate Ethyl acrylate Vinylidene chloride Vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate re-Propyl acrylate s Ethyl vinyl ether re-Propyl acrylate re-Butyl acrylate Butyl vinyl ether re-Hexyl acrylate ... 

Vinyl acetate/vinyl versatate (VA/VeoVA) copolymers... 

Vinyl versatate Butyl methacrylate Alkyl vinyl ethers... 

One of the most common types of emulsion for decorative paint is based on vinyl acetate internally plasticised with about 20 parts of vinyl versatate. Di-butyl or di-octyl maleate or fumarate are also used as plasticising monomers for vinyl acetate, but butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate are now preferred. Vinyl acetate homopolymers externally plasticised with di-butyl phthalate are still widely used. 

Styrene-acrylic copolymers have replaced vinyl versatate copolymers in some areas where improved properties are required such as hydrolysis resistance, but the highest performance coatings are now based on the more expensive full acrylic emulsions. 

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