Carboxylic acids carbonation

Supplement (combined with Volume IV) III, 2nd 1929 195-449 Hydroxy-carboxylic acids Carbonic acid, 3. GlycoUic acid, 228. Lactic acid, 261. Tartaric acid, 481. Citric acid, 556. Urea, 42. Cyanamide, 74. Thiocyemic acid, 140. 

Alkane Alcohol Aldehyde Carboxylic acid Carbon dioxide... 

In the poly carboxylic acids, carbon dioxide is the major product of radiolysis, but the carbon monoxide yields are greater than they are for the aliphatic carboxylic acids. However, the radical yields are not greater than expected on the basis of the model compounds, which suggests that excited states play an important role in the degradation of these poly acids. 

Alcohols Carboxylic acids Carbon dioxide Octa-9,12-dien-l-yl acetate... 

Polarity Parameter. Despite their apparent simplicity, these parameters, ( ), show a good correlation with plasticizer activity for nonpolymeric plasticizers (10). The parameter is defined as = [M(Apf P0)]/1000 where M = molar mass of plasticizer, Ap = number of carbon atoms in the plasticizer excluding aromatic and carboxylic acid carbon atoms, and P0 = number of polar (eg, carbonyl) groups present. The 1000 factor is used to produce values of convenient magnitude. Polarity parameters provide useful predictions of the activity of monomeric plasticizers, but are not able to compare activity of plasticizers from different families. 

Aldehyde Carboxylic acid Carbonic acid Ketene Isocyanate... 

All other carboxylic acid derivatives in Table 6.1, in which the leaving group is bound to the carboxyl carbon through an O atom, are increasingly better acylating agents than carboxylic acid alkyl esters (entry 3) in the order carboxylic acid phenyl ester (entry 4) < acyl isourea (entry 7) < mixed carboxylic acid/carbonic acid anhydride (entry 8) < carboxylic acid anhydride (entry 9) < mixed carboxylic acid anhydride (entry 10). 

Rates of transformation and/or disappearance of phenolic acids in soil solutions have also been determined under a variety of circumstances and in various soils.2 22 23 31 42,44 In general, there is a rapid initial transformation (e.g., loss of the carboxylic acid group) of phenolic acids. For example, 90% of the carboxylic acid carbon of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid was lost within 1 week.22 Losses of other side chain carbons or ring carbons, however, took... 

Carboxylic acids are named by replacing -e of the corresponding alkane with -oic acid. The carboxylic acid carbon is Cl. 

A fatty acid synthesized from 13CH3C02H has an alternating labeled and unlabeled carbon chain. The carboxylic acid carbon is unlabeled. 

Carboxylic acids Carbon dioxide Formic acid Fumaric acid... 

A particularly great variety of line intensity distributions has been observed in the O(KLL) lines in the solid state (33). The energy interval between the KLj V and the most intense KW line is variable from 20 eV, observed with metal oxides and metallic anions, to 24 eV, observed with carboxylic acids, carbonates, chlorates, and nitrate ions. Carboxylate polymers and nitrate polymers are similar. With those species that show the wider spacing, the KW line is split into two major conq)onents, with the second component at about 4 eV higher energy. This second component, appearing as a shoulder with many conq)ounds, actually is the more intense in chlorate and nitrate. The entire oxygen... 

This series of compounds is prepared by ring closure of the appropriate 4-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazines with carboxylic acids, carbon disulfide, cyanogen bromide, etc. to give the 3-unsubstituted or 3-substituted (alkyl, thiol, amino) derivatives (67CB3467,81JHC1353). 

In short, the aminobutyric chain of I is oxidized to the level of an ester and the terminal carboxylic acid carbon to the level of carbon dioxide. This implies a grand total of three oxidative operations (not two), two on account of 2 mol of quinone, and one because of the C-COOH bond disconnection. 

NMR Spectra of Unreacted Samples. Quantitative liquid phase NMR spectra of the unreacted samples are shown in Figure 2. Peak areas of the spectra are listed in Table I together with elemental analyses. Characteristically, the humic acid has a greater aromatic carbon and lesser carboxylic acid carbon content than the fulvic acid. The naturally occurring nitrogen contents are 2.68% and 4.18% for the fulvic and humic acids, respectively. Overlap of functional groups which may serve as substrate sites for nucleophilic addition by aniline occurs within the major peak areas of the spectra. Quinone carbons (190 to 178 ppm) overlap with ketone carbons from 220 to 189 ppm, amides and esters (174 to 164 ppm) overlap with... 

Richter and Vogel oxidized cyclohexane in supercritical water for a varying reaction time from 5 to 80 sec range. The partial oxidation resulted in the desired cyclohexanone product, but the yield was very low (Fig. 7). The by-products included carboxylic acids, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. 

Henklein, P., and Glode, J., Unusual aminolysis of a carboxylic acid-carbonic acid anhydride, Z. Chem., 29, 19, 1989. 

Carboxylic acid (carbon double bonded to one oxygen and single bonded to hydroxy group as well)... 

Currently, carbon dioxide is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of carboxylic acids, carbonates, carbon monoxide, and urea (14—16). Despite the fact that numerous chemical reactions utilizing carbon dioxide are thermodynamically advantageous, there is often a substantial kinetic barrier to their occurrence. Transition metal compounds can serve to catalyze reactions of carbon dioxide, i.e., in the utilization of carbon dioxide in synthetic organic chemistry, transition metal complexes can simultaneously activate both carbon dioxide and other substrate molecules such as hydrogen or olefins. 

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