Vinyl interlayer

Vinylidene polymers Vinylidine chloride Vinyl interlayer Vinylite flooring Vinyl ketal polymers Vinyllithium [917-57-7]... 

Resins formed from the reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) with aldehydes. The formal derivative (from methanal) is used in wire coatings and adhesives and the bulyral (from butanal) is used in metal paints, wood-sealers, adhesives and in safety glass interlayers. 

PVB interlayer piNYL POLYTffiRS - VINYL ACETAL POLYTffiRS] pol 24)... 

Many grades of interlayer are produced to meet specific length, width, adhesion, stiffness, surface roughness, color (93,94), and other requirements of the laminator and end use. Sheet can be suppHed with vinyl alcohol content from 15 to about 23 wt %, depending on the suppHer and appHcation. A common interlayer thickness for automobile windshields is 0.76 mm, but interlayer used for architectural or aircraft glaring appHcations, for example, may be much thinner or thicker. There are also special grades to bond rear-view mirrors to windshields (95,96) and to adhere the components of solar cells (97,98). Multilayer coextmded sheet, each component of which provides a separate property not possible in monolithic sheet, can also be made (99—101). 

Poly(vinyl butyral), prepared by reacting poly(vinyl alcohol) with -butyraldehyde, finds wide appHcation as the interlayer in safety glass and as an adhesive for hydrophilic surfaces (161). Another example is the reaction of poly(vinyl alcohol) with formaldehyde to form poly(vinyl formal), used in the production of synthetic fibers and sponges (162). 

In the case of EVOH being used as an interlayer with polyethylene or polystyrene, it is necessary to use additional adhesive layers such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride terpolymer (e.g. Orevac— Atochem). 

In the same way, ABS acts as a toughener for vinyl ester resins (34). Assessment of the mechanical properties suggest that a chemical reaction may have occurred between the constituents of the blends. The blends are intended as a toughening agent for interlayer toughened vinyl ester/glass composite materials. 

Recently, it was noted that the addition of poly(vinyl methyl ether) to a clay-salt-water system induced the contraction of the interlayer separation between the clay platelets [18], The K-butylammonium vermiculite used in those experiments provided an ideal structure of regularly spaced and parallel charged colloidal platelets in a salt solution [19,20], Swenson et al. [21-23] studied the effect of the addition of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on the distance between the vermiculite layers and observed that, with increasing PEO concentration, the distance between the vermiculite layers decreased. They estimated that the bridging force per bridge was 1.4 pN. 

Jinnai et aL [18] measured by neutron-scattering the interlayer separation between the butylammonium vermic-ulite platelets as a function of the poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) volume fraction in an aqueous butylammonium chloride solution. The n-butylammonium vermiculite swelled in the n-butylammonium chloride solution, and the interlayer separation of the platelets increased from 2 to 12 nm at 8<7 <20 °C. When the PVME was added to this... 

For this comparison die [4 + 2] cycloadditions of methyl vinyl ketone to cyclopentadiene and to furan are chosen as reference reactions (Scheme 60, Table 9). Smectile clays, with the interlayer cations exchanged by CH" or Fe" ions, catalyzed the addition of cyclopentadiene in providing the endo product (258 Y = CH2) at a drastically reduced reaction temperature in high yield together with 10% of the exo product (259 Y = CH2) (entries 3,4). These results are comparable with those obtained under aqueous reaction conditions (entry 2), which supports the idea that die presence of water pockets in clays could account for their catalytic activity. The Lewis acidity as well as one-electron-transfer processes, involving the internal Fe " or Ci" cations, have also been invoked as possible explanations. 

Use Polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, and polyvinyl chloride-acetate resins, used particularly in latex paints, paper coating, adhesives, textile finishing, safety glass interlayers. A vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer is available for specialty products. 

For example, vinyl monomer-montmorillonite intercalate (VM-MMT), able to swell and disperse in organic solvents, was prepared by exchanging the mineral cations of MMT by vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride. The resulting VM-MMT material rendered the mineral organophilic and having polymerizable moieties directly bonded to the lamellar surface of the mineral. Radical polymerization of S between the interlayers of 5,10,25, and 50 wt % of VM-MMT... 

This technique has been used for the intercalation of vinyl polymers in MMT. Akelah et al. [64] reported the preparation of butadiene acrylonitrile (ATBN)-MMT nano composites by using simple rules of ion exchange in solution. Thus the amine end groups of the ATBN polymer were converted into the corresponding onium salt, which was then allowed to be exchanged with the interlayer cation of MMT. Accordingly, a weighed amount of ATBN was dispersed in a mixed solvent composed of 1 1 (V/V) mixture of DMSO and water with a very small amount of concentrated HCl (8 N) (Scheme 3) [63]. 

The selective hydrogenation of an olefinic bond in crotonaldehyde gives n-butyraldehyde in presence of a suitable catalyst n-butyraldehyde reacts with poly (vinyl alcohol) to form poly (vinyl butyral) which is used as an interlayer for safety glass as well as for coating fabrics and for injection-moulding compositions. Butyraldehyde also finds use in making oil-soluble and alcohol-soluble resins. Butyraldehyde is a raw material for the manufacture of butyric acid and butyric anhydride... 

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