Vibrios vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus Primary haemochromatosis Alcoholic liver cirrhosis 1.1... 

Fluvibactin (Fig. 13, 45) from Vibrio fluvialis (391) differs from agrobactin by replacement of spermidine by norspermidine. Also here the precursor with a free central NH group could be isolated. Vibriobactin from Vibrio cholerae (Fig. 14,46) contains two cyclized DHB-Thr substituents (129). Syntheses of agrobactin, fluvibactin and vibriobactin are published (26, 30, 308). In vulnibactin from Vibrio vulnificus (Fig. 14, 47) (264) two DHB groups are replaced by salicylic acid units. The precursor with a free central NH group was also found. 

Okujo N, Saito M, Yamamoto S, Yoshida T, Miyoshi S, Shinoda S (1994) Structure of Vulnibactin, a New Polyamine-containing Siderophore from Vibrio vulnificus. BioMetals 7 109... 

Besides sponges and algae, enzymes were also isolated from marine organisms and microorganisms. For example, polymerases and proteases from marine Vibrio sp. [352], marine bacterium such as Alcaligenes faecalis [353], and from archaeons, such as the psychrophilic Cenarchaeum symbiosum [354], and the hyperthermophile archaeons Pyrococcus furiosus [355], Sulfolobus solfataricus [356], and Aeropyrum pernix [357] transferases from marine bacterium such as Vibrio vulnificus... 

Kim HU, Kim SY, Jeong H et al (2011) Integrative genome-scale metabolic analysis of Vibrio vulnificus for drug targeting and discovery. Mol Syst Biol 7 460... 

Fig. 4.10 Core oligosaccharide from Arenibacter certesii KMM 3941T. aSilipo et al., 2005c Psychromonas arctica bCorsaro et al., 2008 Vibrio vulnificus type strain 27562 Vinogradov et al.,...

Vinogradov, E., Wilde, C., Anderson, E.M., Nakhamchik, A., Lam, J.S. Rowe-Magnus D.A., Structure of the lipopolysaccharide core of Vibrio vulnificus type strain 27562. Carbohydr Res 344 (2009) 484-490. 

All hemolytic and cytotoxic Aeromonas species that have been isolated from water samples from various sources were resistant to polymyxin B (29). Resistance to polymyxin B was also found in Vibrio vulnificus (30). 

Ghinsberg RC, Dror R, Nitzan Y. Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from sea water and sand along the Dan region coast of the Mediterranean. Microbios 1999 97(386) 7-17. 

Hlady, W.G., Mullen, R.C., and Hopkins, R.S. 1993. Vibrio vulnificus from raw oysters. Leading cause of reported deaths from foodbome illnesses in Florida. J. Fla. Med. Assoc. 80, 536-538. 

Haemophilus ducreyi 35000HP Escherichia coli 0157H7 Salmonella typhimuriuitL LT2 Vibrio vulnificus YJ016... 

Kural, A.G. and Chen, H. 2008. Conditions for a 5-log reduction of Vibrio vulnificus in oysters through high hydrostatic pressure treatment. International Journal of EoodMicrobiology 122 180-187. 

To date, structures of ODC from T. hrucei (TbODC), Lactobacillus 30a (LbODC), Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and of the dual function enzyme from Vibrio vulnificus have been solved. Prokaryotic ODCs fall under fold-type I, whereas eukaryotic ODCs fall under fold-type III. The active form of the enzyme is a dimer with the two active sites placed at the subunit interface. The dimer can further oligomerize into a hexamer of dimers in the case of LbODC. The formation of the dodecamer is prevented by a single point mutation, G121Y. Structural studies and information derived from site-directed mutants have helped in the identification of key catalytic residues. The active-site lysine, K69 (TbODC nomenclature), binds the cofactor... 

Pseudowonas aeruginosa (SdsAl) Vibrio vulnificus Shewanella arnazonensis Ralstonia eutropha Synechococcus sp. 

Persons with liver disease are susceptible to infections with a rare but dangerous microbe called Vibrio vulnificus, found in oysters. They should avoid eating raw oysters. 

Fig. 3. Production of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) signal by Vibrio vulnificus during different phases of growth. Supernatant samples from V. vulnificus were collected at different time points, and the percent AI-2 activity compared with that of positive control was determined (left axis). The growth of the culture, as determined by optical density at 610 nm (ODgio), is plotted on the right axis and is used to show that AI-2 production peaks during early stationary phase and decreases after 24 h.

Fig. 4. Inhibition of the autoinducer 2 (AI-2)-mediated production of hemolysin in Vibrio vulnificus. Hemolysin production was monitored using sheep red blood cells in the absence, control, or presence of an AI-2 inhibitor at three concentrations. Samples were taken at different times during the growth phase. The inhibitor was used at...

McDougald, D., Rice, S. A., and Kjelleberg, S. (2001) SmcR-dependent regulation of adaptive phenotypes in Vibrio vulnificus. J. Bacteriol. 183, 758-762. 

The antibacterial properties of crawfish chitosan films, made of different organic acids and chitosans, on selected food pathogenic bacteria L. monocytogenes. Bacillus cereus, Shigella sonnei, E. coli (0157 H7), S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and Vibrio vulnificus. 

Wortman A. T., Somerville C. C., and Colwell R. R. 1986. Chitinase determinants of Vibrio vulnificus Gene cloning and applications of a chitinase probe. Appl Environ Microbiol 52 142-145. 

Wang, S., Levin, R. E. (2005). Discrimination of viable Vibrio vulnificus ceWs from dead ceWs in real-time PCR. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 64(1), 1-8. 

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