Vertebrae

Riicken-. back, dorsal, spinal, -ansicht./. rear view, -bein, n. backbone, spine, -mark, n. spinal cord, -saule, /. vertebral column, -seite, /. back side, back, rear, -weh, n. lumbago, -wirbel, m. dorsal vertebra. 

Wirbel, m. whirl, vortex, eddy whirlwind whorl spiral vertebra Tech.) spigot, button, collar, swivel, sheave, etc. vertigo intoxication crown (of the head) warbling. Wirbel-. whirl-, vortical vertebral, vertebrate, -bein, n. vertebra, -bewegung, /. vortex motion, eddying. 

Wirbel-knochen, m. vertebra, -lehre, /. vortex theory. 

Osteoporosis is a loss of bone density occurring when the loss of bone substance exceeds the rate of bone formation. Bones become porous, brittle, and fragile. Compression fractures of the vertebrae are common. This disorder occurs most often in postmenopausal women, but can occur in men as well. 

Paget s disease is a chronic bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling. The disease disrupts the growth of new bone tissue causing the bone to thicken and become soft. This weakens the bone, which increases susceptibility of fracture even with slight trauma or collapse of the bone (eg, the vertebrae). 

Spinal anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia that involves the injection of a local anesthetic drug into the subarachnoid space of die spinal cord, usually at the level of the second lumbar vertebra There is a loss of feeling (anesdiesia) and movement in the lower extremities, lower abdomen, and perineum. 

The observed BCFs for dibutyltin dichloride in round crucian carp (Carassius carassius grandoculis) muscle, vertebra, liver, and kidney tissue were 12, 46,... 

A significant increase in the incidence of fetal soft-tissue and skeletal anomalies was seen following treatment of pregnant rats with HCDD at the 100 jug/kg/day dose level. The incidence of cleft palate, subcutaneous edema, vertebrae with split or unfused centra, and split sternebrae was significantly greater than among control litters or the control fetal popu-... 

Arjmandi et al., 1996 95 d old OVX rats 30 d soy protein with isoflavones (8 mg/d) starting at OVX Prevention of bone loss soy protein/isoflavones prevented the BMD losses in the femur and d lumbar vertebra after OVX... 

Aseptic necrosis of ball-and-socket joints (shoulder and hip) prostheses may be needed due to permanent damage bone marrow hyperplasia resulting in growth disturbances of maxilla and vertebrae Asplenia (autosplenectomy or surgical splenectomy)... 

Elderly Vertebra UTI S. aureus,3 E. coli Nafcillin and cefotaxime/ ceftriaxone... 

The spinal cord emerges from the brain stem at the base of the skull and terminates at the second lumbar vertebra. The thoracic spine is most vulnerable to cord compression because of natural kyphosis and because the width of the thoracic spinal canal is the smallest among the vertebrae. Most spinal cord compression is due to adjacent vertebral metastases that compress the spinal cord or from pathologic compression fracture of the vertebra. This results in significant edema and inflammation in the affected area. 

Laminectomy Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. 

Kessel, M., and Grass, P. (1991). Homeotic transformations of murine vertebrae and concomitant alteration of Hox codes induced by retinoic acid. Cell 67 89-104. 

Injecting a local form of anesthetic into the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the spinal cord causes spinal anesthesia. This injection is made below the level of the second lumbar vertebra in order to minimize direct nerve trauma. Spinal anesthesia is... 

Fused ribs (two fetuses), 14 ribs (four fetuses), and unfused ossification centers of vertebrae (three... 

Maximum concentrations of copper in elasmobranchs and teleosts from all collection sites range from 7 to 15 mg/kg DW in eyeballs, intestines, muscle, scales, vertebrae, heart, and gonads and from 16 to 48 mg/kg DW in gills, kidneys, skin, and spleens. They reach 53 mg/kg DW in whole animals, 155 mg/kg DW in stomach contents, 208 mg/kg DW in feces, and 245 mg/kg DW in livers (Table 3.3). 

Round Crucian carp, Carassius carassius grandoculis 2 BCF after 7 days of about 500 in vertebra, 630 in muscle, 3160 in kidney, and 5020 in liver 27... 

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