Homeotic transformations

Kessel, M., and Grass, P. (1991). Homeotic transformations of murine vertebrae and concomitant alteration of Hox codes induced by retinoic acid. Cell 67 89-104. 

Lufkin, T., Mark, M., Hart, C. P Dolle, R, LeMeur, M., and Chambon, P. (1992). Homeotic transformation of the occipital bones of the skull by ectopic expression of a homeobox gene. Nature 359 835-841. 

Morgan, B. A., Izipisua-Belmonte, J-C., Duboule, D., and Tabin, C. (1992). Targeted misexpression of Hox-4.6 in the avian limb bud causes apparent homeotic transformations. Nature 358 236-239. 

Like Cdxl null mice, Cdx2 heterozygotes exhibit homeotic transformations of the vertebral column which affect the posterior cervical and anterior thoracic vertebrae (Chawengsaksophak et ah, 1997 Fig. 2). These defects overlap with the posterior region of the vertebral column impacted in Cdxl homozygous null mutants, but extend to more caudal levels. This may reflect relative patterns of expression... 

Horan, G.S., Ramirez-Solis, R., Featherstone, M.S., Wolgemuth, D.J., Bradley, A., Behringer, R.R. 1995. Compound mutants for the paralogous hoxa-4, hoxb-4, and hoxd-4 genes show more complete homeotic transformations and a dose-dependent increase in the number of vertebrae transformed. Genes Dev. 9, 1667-1677. 

Bell, E., Wingate, R., Lumsden, A. 1999. Homeotic transformation of rhombomere identity after localized Hoxbl misexpression. Science 284, 2168-2171. 

Gendron-Maguire, M., Mallo, M., Zhang, M., Gridley, T. 1993. Hoxa-2 mutant mice exhibit homeotic transformation of skeletal elements derived from cranial neural crest. Cell 75, 1317-1331. 

Rijli, F.M., Mark, M., Lakkaraju, S., Dierich, A., Dolle, P., Chambon, P. 1993. A homeotic transformation is generated in the rostral branchial region of the head by disruption of Hoxa-2, which acts as a selector gene. Cell 75, 1333-1349. 

Misexpression of Flox genes causes homeotic transformations—the development of body parts in abnormal positions. 

Ronshaugen M, Biemar F, Piel J, Levine M, Lai EC (2005).The Drosophila microRNA iah-4 causes a dominant homeotic transformation of halteres to wings. Genes Deu. 19(24) 2947-2952. 

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